Simple HPLC method for rapid quantification of nicotine content in e-cigarettes liquids

Abstract

Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDs) are gaining popularity in Jordan as alternatives to tobacco cigarettes with an estimation of 10% of tobacco smokers switching to ENDs. Since nicotine is toxic and highly addictive substance, it is important to develop and validate an easy and rapid analytical method to accurately measure nicotine level in e-liquids. A simple high performance liquid chromatography–photodiode array detection (HPLC–PDA) method was developed and validated for rapid determination of the actual nicotine content in 11 of the most popular e-liquids brands available in the Jordanian market and compared to the nicotine levels appeared in the labeled packaging. The new method of analysis showed an excellent linearity with correlation factor equal to 0.9994 with analytical range between 100 and 1,000 µg/mL, and Limit of detection (LOD) and Limit of quantification (LOQ) of 32.6 µg/mL and 98.9 µg/mL, respectively. The results showed that the actual measured nicotine concentrations ranged from 0 to 25.81 mg/mL with percent deviation ranged from 63.1% less than to 3.24% more than the labeled concentration on packaging. And more than 10% deviation difference in actual nicotine concentrations versus labeled were found in 9 of the 11 e-liquid products (82%). In conclusion, nicotine labelling among e-liquids products have not accurately reflect the actual content which may have potential negative impact on users.

The Alternative Voltammetric Method for the Determination of Nicotine and Its Metabolite Nicotine N-Oxide

“…HPLC analysis of NIC content in examined samples was performed according to the modified method. 30 GC analysis of gum was carried out using the gas chromatograph HP-6890 Plus equipped with a flame ionization detector. Chromatograms were recorded and data were processed by means of HP-Сhemstation software.…”

“…20 US Pharmacopoeia (USP) recommends the analysis by gas chromatography (GC) with a flame ionization detector for the assay of NIC. 21 Also, various analytical techniques, such as spectrophotometry, 22,23 capillary electrophoresis, 24 liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry detector (LS-MS/MS), 25 HPLC, [26][27][28][29][30] GC, [31][32][33][34][35] have been published on the analysis of NIC in diverse matrices. For example, nicotine spectrophotometric determination is based on the bromination reaction of nicotine to dibromonicotine.…”

Simple HPLC method for simultaneous quantification of nicotine and cotinine levels in rat plasma after exposure to two different tobacco products

“…Yet, higher operational cost is still one of the main limitations of their use. HPLC-PDA can provide good sensitivity, rapid analysis and low running costs [41,42], and has been employed efficiently for simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma [43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”

Toxic Metals Transfer from Heating Coils to e-liquids: Safety Assessment of Popular e-cigarettes in Jordan

“…Therefore, tobacco smokers in Jordan are changing their smoking habit to consumption of ENDs at the expense of regular tobacco smoking. It is estimated that one out of ten regular tobacco smokers has either attempted or switched to ENDs [4]. The situation in Jordan is not different from other countries worldwide since ENDs use is increasing worldwide to approximately 68 million users in 2020 [5].…”