Simple high‐performance liquid chromatography method for formaldehyde determination in human tissue through derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine

Abstract

A simple high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed for the determination of formaldehyde in human tissue. FA Formaldehyde was derivatized with 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine. It was extracted from human tissue with ethyl acetate by liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range of 5.0-200 μg/mL. Intra- and interday precision values for formaldehyde in tissue were <6.9%, and accuracy (relative error) was better than 6.5%. The extraction recoveries of formaldehyde from human tissue were between 88 and 98%. The limits of detection and quantification of formaldehyde were 1.5 and 5.0 μg/mL, respectively. Also, this assay was applied to liver samples taken from a biopsy material.

A Sensitive and Rapid Method for Detecting Formaldehyde in Brain Tissues

“…A method of headspace gas chromatography revealed that the concentrations of FA in human urine were between 0.019 and 0.048 mM [34]. Moreover, the endogenous FA concentrations in brain samples of control mice detected in the current study were approximately 0.27 mM, which is consistent with the previous reports using HPLC-Fluo [20], HPLC-UV [19], and GC–MS [17]. …”

“…The earliest determination method for measuring FA in brain tissues (~0.16–0.24 mM) was carried out using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC–MS) [17]. Another sensitive method, developed for the detection of FA in the liver, utilized high-performance liquid chromatography with an ultra violet detector (HPLC-UV) [18, 19]. More recently, using a high-performance liquid chromatography with a fluorescence detector (HPLC-Fluo), we found that there was 0.25–0.32 mM FA in the hippocampi of normal adult mice and rats [20].…”

Bioanalytical and Mass Spectrometric Methods for Aldehyde Profiling in Biological Fluids

“…DNPH derivatization and HPLC-UV analysis are used in environmental monitoring of air and water quality and used for screening and monitoring carbonyl compounds in various matrices by the US federal agencies (Table 1) [119,133,134,135,136,137]. The HPLC-UV technique is also being used in the food industry to measure aldehydes in food and beverages [39,138,139,140,141,142] and in biomedical research to measure aldehydes and carbonyls in various matrices such as urine, plasma and serum samples [40,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150,151,152]. DNPH derivatization is also used in conjunction with a reducing agent, 2-picoline borane (2-PB) to stabilize carbonyl-hydrazones and to resolve isomeric compounds produced during the reaction that might interfere with subsequent quantitative analysis by HPLC-UV [153].…”

“…This approach is useful for characterizing carbonyls in air samples for environmental analysis as well as for the characterization of other α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in tobacco smoke. DNPH derivatization was also used for the analysis and measurement of acetaldehyde in plasma and red blood cells [154], formaldehyde determination in human tissue [151], carbonyl compounds in exhaled breath of e-cigarette users [35], and for the measurement of formaldehyde released from heated hair straightening cosmetic products [18]. Other reagents such as the previously mentioned 2-thiobarbituric acid (2-TBA) and diaminonapththalene (DAN) are also being used for HPLC-UV analysis of carbonyl compounds from biological matrices and environmental samples [155,156,157].…”

Detection of peroxyl radicals from polluted air by free radical reaction combined with liquid chromatography signal amplification technique

“…In the search for new natural radical-scavenging reactive molecule, complex mixtures interferences are frequently encountered. The developed methods involving free radical reactive molecule assays coupled with HPLC were successfully developed [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23].…”