Simple Formula and Its Exact Analytic Solution of Mutual Impedance for Nonplanar-Skew Dipoles

Han, Ju Hee; Song, Woon; Oh, Kyoung‐Sub; Myung, Noh‐Hoon

doi:10.2528/pier12083002

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 40 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…As a consequence, the topology configurations of the array minimising the adjacent element mutual coupling are highly desirable. The skew half-wave dipoles [21] are known for showing reduced mutual coupling for the same distance of dipole centre compared to the side-by-side configuration [22]. Such configuration of DS CLD was considered here for the circular array tag design, which further exhibits polarisation independence.…”

Section: Topology and Arrangement Of Scatterers In Chipless Tagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarisation independent chipless RFID tag based on circular arrangement of dual‐spiral capacitively‐loaded dipoles with robust RCS response

Švanda

Havlicek

Macháč

et al. 2018

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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The study deals with the novel polarisation-independent 20-bit chipless radiofrequency identification (RFID) transponder that is based on a circularly arranged array of electrically small dual-spiral capacitively-loaded dipole scatterers with improved robustness of radar cross-section (RCS) response. A single scatterer exhibits a better performance in terms of electrical size and RCS than the earlier introduced U-dipole type scatterers occupying the same footprint area. In order to investigate the frequency stability and amplitude uniformity of RCS curve, two arrangements of scatterer arrays were analysed: rearranged side-by-side and circular. In comparison to the other arrangements, the latter provides an excellent amplitude RCS stability over the whole operational frequency band and, at the same time enables the polarisation independence of identification. However, it requires the two-channel orthogonal polarisation measurement.

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Section: Topology and Arrangement Of Scatterers In Chipless Tagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polarisation independent chipless RFID tag based on circular arrangement of dual‐spiral capacitively‐loaded dipoles with robust RCS response

Švanda

Havlicek

Macháč

et al. 2018

IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation

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show abstract

“…(2013), or (c) as nested summations in Richmond and Geary (1970), Schmidt (1996), Han et al. (2012), (2013). These highly complicated expressions in (a–c) could hardly yield any intuitive insight on how the mutual impedance varies with the non‐orthogonal skew angle ( φ ), the dipole length ( L ), and the inter‐dipole gap (Δ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1974), Amin and Cahill (2003), (2004), Best (2011), Han and Myung (2012), Han et al. (2012) resorted to only graphic plots of the mutual impedance for only a few scenarios.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Two Crossed Dipoles' Impedance Varies With Their Non‐Orthogonality, Length & Separation

et al. 2022

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A pair of crossed dipoles comprise two electric dipoles nominally orthogonal in orientation and nearly co-centered in space. Crossed dipoles have long facilitated beamforming, direction finding, and polarization estimation. Each dipole measures one distinct Cartesian component of the incident electric-field vector. A pair of crossed dipoles thus constitutes a diversely polarized array capable of distinguishing incident sources based on their polarizations, besides basing on their directions-of-arrival and frequency spectra. One pair of crossed dipoles can suffice to determine the incident electromagnetic wavefront's (bivariate) polarization and the azimuthal direction-of-arrival. For an extensive survey of the relevant literature, please refer to Yuan et al. (2012), Wong et al. (2017, Khan and Wong (2019).If these two constituent dipoles are exactly perpendicular to each other, they would experience no electromagnetic coupling between them. (The mutual coupling would be negligible across two perpendicular dipoles, if the dipoles are fed differentially at their central feed points, due to the symmetry in both the fields and the currents/ voltages of the feed structure. "Differential feeding" here refers to the signals fed to the dipoles' terminals in an opposite but equal way.) However, real-world implementations of the crossed dipoles may deviate from this idealized orthogonality, thereby resulting in mutual coupling between the two dipoles. Please refer to Figure 1, which defines the skew angle φ (i.e., the angular deviation from perpendicularity) between two identical dipoles-One on the z-axis and the other on the y′-z′ plane.A dipole pair's impedance matrix Z is 2 × 2 in size, with entries complex in value. This impedance matrix is also symmetric, centro-symmetric, and persymmetric. Hence, there exist only two distinct complex-value scalars that need to be modeled, namely Z 1,1 = Z 2,2 and Z 1,2 = Z 2,1 . Each above complex-valued scalar may be represented by its magnitude and its complex phase. Therefore, four real-valued scalars need to be modeled. (These mutual-coupling coefficients, {Z i,j , ∀(i, j)}, are independent of the incident electromagnetic field's direction-of-arrival. However, the coupled voltages and the coupled currents depend on both the mutual-coupling coefficients and the incident electromagnetic field's direction-of-arrival, as illustrated in Section 6.) The "Phenomenological"/"Behavioral" Approach to Model Mutual ImpedanceFor such a pair of skewed or slanted dipoles of equal length: Previous analysis of the concerned antenna electromagnetics has led to knotty mathematical expressions for the mutual impedance: (a) As a six-page equation in Czyz (1957), (b) as an unsolved integral equation in Murray (1933), Baker and LaGrone (1962), Richmond (1970, Richmond and Geary (1975), Han and Myung (2012), Han et al. (2013), or (c) as nested summations in Richmond

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Mutual Admittance of Two Arbitrary Antennas in Nonplanar Skew Positions Based on Infinitesimal Dipole Modeling

Kim

Yang

Kang

et al. 2019

IEEE Trans. Antennas Propagat.

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Simple Formula and Its Exact Analytic Solution of Mutual Impedance for Nonplanar-Skew Dipoles

Cited by 4 publications

References 40 publications

Polarisation independent chipless RFID tag based on circular arrangement of dual‐spiral capacitively‐loaded dipoles with robust RCS response

Polarisation independent chipless RFID tag based on circular arrangement of dual‐spiral capacitively‐loaded dipoles with robust RCS response

How Two Crossed Dipoles' Impedance Varies With Their Non‐Orthogonality, Length & Separation

Mutual Admittance of Two Arbitrary Antennas in Nonplanar Skew Positions Based on Infinitesimal Dipole Modeling

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