“…Irrespective of the machine-derived nicotine yield, approximately 1 mg of nicotine was absorbed per cigarette. This smoking-related nicotine dose can reliably be determined by measuring nicotine and 5 to 10 of its major metabolites (Byrd et al, 1995(Byrd et al, , 1998Curvall et al, 1990;Mendes et al, 2009;Piller et al, 2014;Scherer et al, 2007;Tricker, 2006).…”