“…For example Au-Pd@Pd core shell catalytic system with Au-Pd alloy core and Pd shell have been fabricated by one-pot co-reduction methodology for highly efficient reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous medium as shown in Fig. 1 (B) ( Shao et al, 2017 ). Yolk-shell morphology is rare in nano-catalytic systems reported for reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).…”
Section: Classification Of Inorganic Nanoparticles Reported For Cr(vimentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 1 Pt nanoparticles decorated on the surface of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanospheres (Pt@PS-b-PVP) (A) adopted with permission from reference Zhang et al (2018) (Copyright Springer 2018), Core-shell morphology of trimetallic nanoparticles with Au-Pd core and Pd shell (B) adopted with permission from reference ( Shao et al, 2017 ) (Copyright Elsevier 2017), Nickel nanoparticles embedded carbon based yolk-shell system derived from Ni-MOF (C) adopted with permission from reference Lv et al (2020) (Copyright Elsevier 2020) for Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). …”
Section: Classification Of Inorganic Nanoparticles Reported For Cr(vimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, a broad spectrum of techniques has been applied for the characterization of catalytic systems (inorganic nanoparticles along with stabilizers) used for the Cr(VI) reduction. The UV–vis spectrophotometry (UV–vis) ( Tripathi et al, 2018 ; Kalwar et al, 2013 ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Tripathi et al, 2018 ; Kalwar et al, 2013 ), X-ray diffraction (XRD) ( Shao et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2020 ), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2020 ), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) ( Tian et al, 2020 ), dynamic light scattering (DLS) ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2018a ; Tian et al, 2020 ), X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ( Shao et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2018a , 2020 ; Tian et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) ( Wu et al, 2020 ), Raman spectroscopy (RS) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2018a ; Wu et al, 2020 ), Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2018a ; Liu et al, 2016a ), Magnetometeric analysis (MA) ( Chen et al, 2018a ) Elemental mapping (EM) ( Chen et al, 2020 ) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) ( Shao et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2020 ) are frequently used for characterization as well as for investigation of catalysis process.…”
Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reduction of Cr(VI) by inorganic nanoparticles is termed as enhanced reduction while reduction of Cr(VI) by some suitable reducing agent in the presence of inorganic nanoparticles (nano-catalysts) is known as catalytic reduction. The use of inorganic nanoparticles as reductants ( Fazlzadeh et al, 2017 ; Lv et al, 2017 ; Qian et al, 2017 ; Su et al, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ) as well as catalysts ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Shao et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ) for Cr(VI) reduction has become the subject of interest due to high efficiency, low cost, environment friendly approach, applicability on industrial scale and no harmful byproduct formation in comparison to organic matter where re-oxidation may occur ( Wang et al, 2019 ). In this treatment, Cr(VI) is completely converted into Cr(III) which has low mobility as compared to Cr(VI) ( Li et al, 2016a ).…”
“…For example Au-Pd@Pd core shell catalytic system with Au-Pd alloy core and Pd shell have been fabricated by one-pot co-reduction methodology for highly efficient reduction of Cr(VI) in aqueous medium as shown in Fig. 1 (B) ( Shao et al, 2017 ). Yolk-shell morphology is rare in nano-catalytic systems reported for reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III).…”
Section: Classification Of Inorganic Nanoparticles Reported For Cr(vimentioning
confidence: 99%
“… Fig. 1 Pt nanoparticles decorated on the surface of polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) nanospheres (Pt@PS-b-PVP) (A) adopted with permission from reference Zhang et al (2018) (Copyright Springer 2018), Core-shell morphology of trimetallic nanoparticles with Au-Pd core and Pd shell (B) adopted with permission from reference ( Shao et al, 2017 ) (Copyright Elsevier 2017), Nickel nanoparticles embedded carbon based yolk-shell system derived from Ni-MOF (C) adopted with permission from reference Lv et al (2020) (Copyright Elsevier 2020) for Cr(VI) reduction to Cr(III). …”
Section: Classification Of Inorganic Nanoparticles Reported For Cr(vimentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Therefore, a broad spectrum of techniques has been applied for the characterization of catalytic systems (inorganic nanoparticles along with stabilizers) used for the Cr(VI) reduction. The UV–vis spectrophotometry (UV–vis) ( Tripathi et al, 2018 ; Kalwar et al, 2013 ), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Tripathi et al, 2018 ; Kalwar et al, 2013 ), X-ray diffraction (XRD) ( Shao et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2020 ), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ; Chen et al, 2020 ; Tian et al, 2020 ), Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) ( Tian et al, 2020 ), dynamic light scattering (DLS) ( Zhang et al, 2018 ), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2018a ; Tian et al, 2020 ), X-rays photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) ( Shao et al, 2017 ; Chen et al, 2018a , 2020 ; Tian et al, 2020 ; Wu et al, 2020 ), Atomic force microscopy (AFM) ( Wu et al, 2020 ), Raman spectroscopy (RS) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2018a ; Wu et al, 2020 ), Brunauer Emmett-Teller (BET) ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Chen et al, 2018a ; Liu et al, 2016a ), Magnetometeric analysis (MA) ( Chen et al, 2018a ) Elemental mapping (EM) ( Chen et al, 2020 ) and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS) ( Shao et al, 2017 ; Wu et al, 2020 ) are frequently used for characterization as well as for investigation of catalysis process.…”
Section: Characterization Techniquesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Reduction of Cr(VI) by inorganic nanoparticles is termed as enhanced reduction while reduction of Cr(VI) by some suitable reducing agent in the presence of inorganic nanoparticles (nano-catalysts) is known as catalytic reduction. The use of inorganic nanoparticles as reductants ( Fazlzadeh et al, 2017 ; Lv et al, 2017 ; Qian et al, 2017 ; Su et al, 2016 ; Zhou et al, 2020 ) as well as catalysts ( Lv et al, 2020 ; Shao et al, 2017 ; Zhang et al, 2018 ) for Cr(VI) reduction has become the subject of interest due to high efficiency, low cost, environment friendly approach, applicability on industrial scale and no harmful byproduct formation in comparison to organic matter where re-oxidation may occur ( Wang et al, 2019 ). In this treatment, Cr(VI) is completely converted into Cr(III) which has low mobility as compared to Cr(VI) ( Li et al, 2016a ).…”
“…9 Stenotrophomonasmultophilia-reduced chromium (VI) was reported in the literature. 10 In 2017, Shao et al 11 reported the catalytic reduction of chromium (VI) using the AuPd@Pd catalyst system. The other catalyst systems like SrTiO 3 and Pd 12 were used for the reduction of chromium (VI).…”
A novel ecofriendly Ca nanoparticle bridged aminoclay (AC) catalyst was prepared for the reduction of hazardous pollutants to treat the industrial wastewater. It was characterized by FT‐IR spectroscopy, UV‐visible spectroscopy, X‐ray diffraction (XRD), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive X‐ray spectrum (EDX), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetry (TG) techniques. Water contact angle (WCA) measurement was used to confirm the hydrophobicity of AC after the structural modification reaction. Disappearance of free N−H stretching in the FT‐IR spectrum confirmed the chemical modification of AC by Ca nanoparticle. The above‐synthesized Ca nanoparticle bridged AC was used as a catalyst for the reduction of p‐nitrophenol (NP), chromium (VI) and fluorescein (fluor) dye and also for oxidative Schiff base formation. The UV‐visible spectrum confirmed the complex formation between chromium (VI) and NP by noting a peak at 390 nm. The kapp value was computed to assess the efficiency of the catalyst toward the reduction of hazardous pollutants in the industrial effluents. The catalytic reduction of a tricomponent system is disturbed due to the change in pH and complex formation between the pollutants, etc. The present catalyst system reduced the two‐step reaction into a single‐step reaction for the Schiff base formation.
Carbon‐based functional materials have extensive applications in the fields of catalysis, energy storage, and conversion, as well as environmental science. However, it remains challenging to synthesize these materials in an economically sustainable way. This work demonstrates an in situ carbothermal reduction route to prepare biochar stabilized Ru–Cu nanoalloys (Ru–Cu/biochar) with low Ru loading (0.16 wt%) by pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass waste. The as‐synthesized Ru–Cu/biochar shows excellent catalytic performance toward Cr(VI) reduction by hydrazine (N2H4·H2O), with 94% of the Cr(VI) reduced in aqueous solution within 150 s without any additional precipitation process. The catalyst also demonstrates high stability without significant loss of activity after nine cycles. This work offers a sustainable approach to utilize biomass waste to synthesize functional materials as highly efficient and durable catalysts.
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