Simple Current-Mode Squaring and Square-Rooting Circuits: Applications of MO-CCCCTA

Abstract

This work provides new designs of simple current-mode squaring and square-rooting circuits using multiple-output current controlled current conveyor transconductance amplifier (MO-CCCCTA) as an active building block. Since the proposed circuits need no other external components, they are capable of high-frequency operation and well fitted for IC fabrication. Furthermore, they are insensitive to ambient temperature and their gains can be controlled easily by adjusting the bias currents of MO-CCCCTA. Additionally, the effects of MO-CCCCTA non-idealities on the designed circuits have also been investigated and discussed. Simulation results generated through PSPICE software using TSMC 0.18 µm CMOS process parameters have been presented to justify the theoretical analysis. The static power consumption, bandwidth, and maximum linearity error in dc transfer characteristic measurement for the square-rooting circuit are found to be 0.17 mW, 445.63 MHz and 1.12 %, while for the squaring circuit they are 0.326 mW, 61.15 MHz and 2.38 %, respectively. The application of the reported circuits as a 2-input vector summation circuit has also been included to strengthen the design ideas.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Simple structures of fully integrable current-mode squarers and square-rooters with low component count and lower power dissipation
 The circuits are insensitive to temperature drift and their gains can be controlled easily by adjusting the bias currents of MO-CCCCTA
 Bandwidth, static power dissipation, linearity error of square-rooter are 445.63 MHz, 0.17 mW & ≤ 1.12 %; and for the squarer 61.15 MHz, 0.326 mW & 2.38 %, respectively
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Electronically Tunable Sinusoidal Oscillator Using Only Single Current-Controlled Current Conveyor Trans-Conductance Amplifier

“…Since then, other studies [2][3][4][5][6][7][8] have offered a variety of implementation choices for the CCTA block based on bipolar junction transistor (BJT), complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS), or bipolar complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (BiCMOS) technology. This device's versatility has resulted in its ongoing recognition, as indicated by the numerous analog circuit functions that have been built using it [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. To demonstrate its usefulness, the literature proposed multifunction filters [5], direct frequency modulator [6], shadow universal filters [8], memcapacitor emulator [9], differentiator and integrator [10], PID Controller [11], squaring and square-rooting circuits [12], and oscillator [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] using CCTA.…”

“…This device's versatility has resulted in its ongoing recognition, as indicated by the numerous analog circuit functions that have been built using it [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. To demonstrate its usefulness, the literature proposed multifunction filters [5], direct frequency modulator [6], shadow universal filters [8], memcapacitor emulator [9], differentiator and integrator [10], PID Controller [11], squaring and square-rooting circuits [12], and oscillator [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25] using CCTA. This CCTA block is simply constructed by connecting the output of a second-generation current conveyor (CCII) to the input of a trans-conductance amplifier that has both positive and negative polarities available at its output terminal.…”