Simple blood typing and cross matching techniques in swine

Walchak, Alexandra C; Zarow, Gregory J.; Gamble, Cathy; Conley, Sean P.; Hampshire, Victoria

doi:10.1038/laban.1120

Cited by 3 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Phenotypes were screened via SSA within 10 days of venous blood collection. The SSA procedure was performed as previously described 13 . Briefly, RBCs were separated from plasma by centrifugation m at 2900 × g for 10 minutes.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Within the “A” Bg, pigs do not express a B antigen or an Rh antigen as people do; thus, erythrocytes do not agglutinate when pig blood comes in contact with anti‐B and anti‐Rh antibodies. However, their erythrocytes react strongly to anti‐A monoclonal antibodies 8,13 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The standard saline agglutination (SSA) test for blood typing in pigs takes time and requires expertise that is not always readily available in the clinical setting, such as during emergency hours or in ambulatory practice. In 2016, Walchak et al proposed the use of an established method of human blood typing (EldonCard) b for research pigs subjected to transplantation to avoid postoperative complications related to organ rejection due to Bg incompatibility 13 . Because a rapid and reliable card‐type method for blood typing in pet pigs is not currently available, the second objective of this study was to measure the level of agreement between EldonCard and the current in‐house standard of care method (SSA), as well as a validated polymerase chain reaction (PCR; gold standard for comparison) test in pet swine to detect correspondent Bg genotypes 24,32 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of AO blood group and level of agreement for AO blood‐typing methods in pet pigs from Louisiana

Hampton

Dehghanpir

Armstrong

et al. 2022

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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ObjectivesPet pigs are a species of growing medical interest, and evidence‐based practices for blood transfusions are needed. The objectives of this study were to quantify the prevalence of 3 blood group (Bg) phenotypes (“A” and “Aweak” resulting from EAAAA and EAAA0, “0” from EAA00, or “–” from EAA00 or SSS alleles) in pet pigs and compare results using a human blood‐typing card (EldonCard), standard saline agglutination (SSA), and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing.DesignCross‐sectional study.SettingUniversity veterinary teaching hospital.AnimalsNinety‐seven pet pigs from Louisiana.InterventionsBlood was sampled from randomly selected pet pigs of various breeds, anticoagulated with EDTA, and typed using each investigated test according to the manufacturers’ directions or standard laboratory technique. Samples for PCR analysis were stored at –80°C until analysis. Phenotypes were screened via EldonCard. Association between Bg and sex was investigated using chi‐square test, with significance at P < 0.05. Kappa (κ) statistic was used to measure the level of agreement between the 3 tests.Measurements and Main ResultsPot‐bellied pigs represented the majority (84.5%) of this population, with 52 (53.6%) males and 45 (46.4%) females. Genotypic frequencies were 30%, 30%, and 40% for “EAAAA,” “EAAA0,” and “EAA00,” respectively. Based on EldonCard, 38 phenotypes were classified as “A,” 5 as “Aweak,” and 54 as “0” or “–.” Results were identical for Bg, with the 3 tested techniques in 90% (45/50) of samples. Agreement between EldonCard and PCR was almost perfect (49/50 [98%], κ = 0.959; P < 0.001). Agreement between SSA and PCR, and EldonCard and SSA was substantial (46/50 [92%], κ = 0.803, P < 0.001 and 93/97 [95.9%], κ = 0.764, P < 0.001, respectively).ConclusionsThe most common blood type was “0” or “–” (55.7%), followed by “A” (39.2%) and “Aweak” (5.1%). There was strong agreement between EldonCard and PCR testing. EldonCard allowed for rapid and reliable phenotype identification (“A,” “Aweak,” and “0” or “–”) and represents a clinically applicable laboratory method for blood typing in pet pigs.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of AO blood group and level of agreement for AO blood‐typing methods in pet pigs from Louisiana

Hampton

Dehghanpir

Armstrong

et al. 2022

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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“…All piglets and donor animals were confirmed to be blood type O with EldonCard (Eldon Biologicals, Gentofte, Denmark) kits as previously described. 66 Animals were only included if they met size criteria and were blood type O as described above.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aptamer-based factor IXa inhibition preserves hemostasis and prevents thrombosis in a piglet model of ECMO

Reed

Bonadonna

Otto

et al. 2022

Molecular Therapy - Nucleic Acids

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) requires anticoagulation to prevent clotting when the patient's blood contacts the circuit. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) usually prevents clotting but can cause life-threatening bleeding. An anticoagulant that selectively inhibits the contact activation (intrinsic) pathway while sparing the tissue factor (extrinsic) pathway of coagulation might prevent clotting triggered by the circuit while permitting physiologic coagulation at surgical sites. DTRI-178 is an RNA anticoagulant aptamer conjugated to polyethylene glycol that increases its half-life in circulation. This aptamer is based on a previously described molecule (9.3t) that inhibits intrinsic tenase activity by binding to factor IXa on an exosite. Using a piglet model of pediatric venoarterial (VA) ECMO, we compared thromboprevention and blood loss using a single dose of DTRI-178 versus UFH. In each of five experiments, we subjected two litter-matched piglets, one anticoagulated with DTRI-178 and the other with UFH, to simultaneous 12-h periods of VA ECMO. Both anticoagulants achieved satisfactory and comparable thromboprotection. However, UFH piglets had increased surgical site bleeding and required significantly greater blood transfusion volumes than piglets anticoagulated with DTRI-178. Our results indicate that DTRI-178, an aptamer against factor IXa, may be feasible, safer, and result in fewer transfusions and clinical bleeding events in ECMO.

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“…Before the experiments started, animals were acclimatized for 2 weeks. Blood cross-matching of donor and recipients was tested one week before the experiment started according to standard protocols [ 11 ]. Transplantation was performed only if no sign of hemolysis or macro- and microagglutination was observed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Custodiol® Supplemented with Synthetic Human Relaxin Decreases Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury after Porcine Kidney Transplantation

Baušys

Maneikyte

Leber

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Objective. Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is inevitable after kidney transplantation (KT), impairing outcomes. Relaxin-2 (RLX) is a promising insulin-related peptide hormone that protects against renal IRI in rodents, although large animal models are needed before RLX can be tested in a human setting. Methods. In this blinded, randomized, and placebo-controlled experimental study kidneys from 19 donor pigs were retrieved after perfusion with Custodiol® ± RLX (5 or 20 nmol/L) and underwent static cold storage (SCS) for 24 and 48 h, respectively. Subsequently, KT was performed after unilateral right nephrectomy. Study outcomes included markers for kidney function, oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation, and endothelial cell damage. PCR analysis for oxidative stress and apoptosis-related gene panels as well as immunohistochemistry were performed. Results. RLX upregulated SOD2 and NFKB expression to 135% (p = 0.042) and 125% (p = 0.019), respectively, while RIPK1 expression was downregulated to 82% (p = 0.016) of corresponding controls. Further RLX significantly downregulated RIPK1 and MLKL expression and decreased the number of Caspase 3- and MPO-positive cells in grafts after SCS. Conclusions. RLX supplemented Custodiol® significantly decreased IRI via both antioxidant and anti-apoptotic mechanisms. Clinical trials are warranted to implement synthetic human RLX as a novel additive to preservation solutions against IRI.

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Simple blood typing and cross matching techniques in swine

Cited by 3 publications

References 6 publications

Prevalence of AO blood group and level of agreement for AO blood‐typing methods in pet pigs from Louisiana

Prevalence of AO blood group and level of agreement for AO blood‐typing methods in pet pigs from Louisiana

Aptamer-based factor IXa inhibition preserves hemostasis and prevents thrombosis in a piglet model of ECMO

Custodiol® Supplemented with Synthetic Human Relaxin Decreases Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury after Porcine Kidney Transplantation

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