Simple and Scalable Preparation of Highly Active Lewis Acidic Sn‐β

Hammond, Ceri; Conrad, Sabrina; Hermans, Ive

doi:10.1002/anie.201206193

Cited by 300 publications

(331 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In particular, the type of metal salt used as a precursor in hydrothermal syntheses heavily influences the framework content and catalytic activity of the final product (79,80). Recently, many groups have reported dry-gel or postsynthetic methods for metal incorporation in zeolite Beta (21,81,82). These methods can often incorporate a higher metal content into the zeolite framework compared with the hydrothermal method, leading to higher yields normalized by total catalyst mass for certain reactions, but usually have lower TOFs when normalized by metal content at loadings above 3-5% (83-85).…”

Section: Effects Of Synthesis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lewis Acid Zeolites for Biomass Conversion: Perspectives and Challenges on Reactivity, Synthesis, and Stability

Luo

Lewis

Román‐Leshkov

2016

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

147

136

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Zeolites containing Sn, Zr, Hf, Nb, or Ta heteroatoms are versatile catalysts for the activation and conversion of oxygenated molecules owing to the unique Lewis acid character of their tetrahedral metal sites. Through fluoride-mediated synthesis, hydrophobic Lewis acid zeolites can behave as water-tolerant catalysts, which has resulted in a recent surge of experimental and computational studies in the field of biomass conversion. However, many open questions still surround these materials, especially relating to the nature of their active sites. This lack of fundamental understanding is exemplified by the many dissonant results that have been described in recent literature reports. In this review, we use a molecular-based approach to provide insight into the relationship between the structure of the metal center and its reactivity toward different substrates, with the ultimate goal of providing a robust framework to understand the properties that have the strongest influence on catalytic performance for the conversion of oxygenates.

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Section: Effects Of Synthesis Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lewis Acid Zeolites for Biomass Conversion: Perspectives and Challenges on Reactivity, Synthesis, and Stability

Luo

Lewis

Román‐Leshkov

2016

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng.

147

136

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“…The introduction of large Lewis acid centres such as Sn IV into zeolite beta typically involves tedious hydrothermal synthesis procedures, with several limitations: long synthesis times (due to slow nucleation), reduced number of isolated metal sites introduced and formation of relatively large crystals which can lead to internal diffusion limitations during the catalytic reaction [73]. An interesting strategy to overcome these limitations is using an up-scalable simple post-synthesis protocol involving dealumination and subsequent solid-state ion-exchange (SSIE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since then, different elements have been introduced into zeolite beta by SSIE leading to catalytic performances that are superior to those reached with the corresponding materials prepared using conventional liquid-phase routes [73,76,77]. Successful incorporation of tin into the BEA framework by SSIE was demonstrated by Hermans et al [73,75].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work, modified versions of zeolite beta containing aluminium and tin sites were prepared from nanocrystalline NH 4 -beta via post-synthesis routes similar to those described by Hermans et al [73]. Different materials were prepared by varying the acid concentration used for the partial dealumination, the amount of tin precursor used in the SSIE process, or by carrying out (Sn,Al)-competitive SSIE.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

Antunes

Lima

Neves

et al. 2015

Journal of Catalysis

128

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Aiming at the valorisation of furfural (Fur) via sustainable routes based on process intensification and heterogeneous catalysis, the one-pot conversion of this renewable platform chemical to useful bio-products, namely furfuryl alkyl ethers (FEs), levulinate esters (LEs), levulinic acid (LA), angelica lactones (AnLs) and -valerolactone (GVL), was investigated using a single heterogeneous catalyst, in 2-butanol, at 120 ºC. Various chemical 2 reactions are involved in this process, which requires catalysts with active sites for acid and reduction chemistry. For this purpose, it was explored for the first time the catalytic potentialities of modified versions of zeolite beta containing Al and Sn sites prepared from commercially available nanocrystaline zeolite beta via post-synthesis partial dealumination followed by solid-state ion-exchange. The post-synthesis conditions influenced considerably the catalytic performances of these types of materials. The best-performing catalyst was (Sn) SSIE -beta1 with Si/(Al+Sn)=19 (Sn/Al=27.6), which led to total yield of bio-products of 83% at 86% Fur conversion, and exhibited steady catalytic performance for six consecutive runs. A systematic catalytic study using the prepared catalysts with different bio-products as substrates, together with the molecular level and microstructural characterisation of the materials, helped understand the effects of different material properties on the specific reaction pathways in the overall system. These studies led to mechanistic insights into the reaction network of Fur to the bio-products in alcohol media, upon which a kinetic model was developed for the first time. The superior performance of (Sn) SSIE -beta1 in various steps was related to the dealumination degree, dispersion and amount of Sn-sites, and acid properties.

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“…This sorbent has been particularly useful in concentrating and separating metals cationic species and adsorption of gases and catalyst support [11][12][13][14][15]. Natural clinoptilolite is suitable for use in industrial waste purification and filtration systems, in engineering, medicine, and agriculture [16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Bupropion Using H-Clinoptilolite as a Sorbent for Plasma and Urine Purification

Halkevych¹,

Ivanauskas²,

Bidnychenko³

et al. 2015

ChChT

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Abstract. The coupling of solid-phase extraction (SPE) using H-clinoptilolite as an adsorbent with a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed for the high efficiency enrichment and rapid determination of bupropion in plasma and urine. The effect of the adsorbent particles size and pH on adsorption behavior of bupropion to H-clinoptilolite was evaluated. The experimental conditions of the sorbent preparation were developed, the effective solvents for the sorbent conditioning were chosen. The optimal eluent for bupropion extraction by H-clinoptilolite was chosen.

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Simple and Scalable Preparation of Highly Active Lewis Acidic Sn‐β

Cited by 300 publications

References 18 publications

Lewis Acid Zeolites for Biomass Conversion: Perspectives and Challenges on Reactivity, Synthesis, and Stability

Lewis Acid Zeolites for Biomass Conversion: Perspectives and Challenges on Reactivity, Synthesis, and Stability

One-pot conversion of furfural to useful bio-products in the presence of a Sn,Al-containing zeolite beta catalyst prepared via post-synthesis routes

High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Determination of Bupropion Using H-Clinoptilolite as a Sorbent for Plasma and Urine Purification

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