Simple and Precise Preparation of a Porous Gel for a Colorimetric Glucose Sensor by a Templating Technique

Nakayama, Daisuke; Takeoka, Yukikazu; Watanabe, Masayoshi; Kataoka, Kazunori

doi:10.1002/anie.200351746

Cited by 244 publications

(228 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…311,312 Hydrogel CBPM sensors based on such monomers as acrylamides and carboxylic acids are capable of detecting changes in pH, ion concentration, and heat. 178,274,313 Moreover, incorporation of specific target molecules and enzymes allows label-free detection of glucose, 310 enzymatic activity, 279 and antibodies 276 with remarkable sensitivity. For example, the level of detection that was achieved using a CBPM assay for acetylcholinesterase is of 5 mU/mL (U = "enzyme units").…”

Section: Factors Influencing Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A colloidoscope of colloid-based porous materials and their uses

et al. 2016

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Nature evolved a variety of hierarchical structures that produce sophisticated functions. Inspired by these natural materials, colloidal self-assembly provides a convenient way to produce structures from simple building blocks with a variety of complex functions beyond those found in nature. In particular, colloid-based porous materials (CBPM) can be made from a wide variety of materials. The internal structure of CBPM also has several key attributes, namely porosity on a sub-micrometer length scale, interconnectivity of these pores, and a controllable degree of order. The combination of structure and composition allow CBPM to attain properties important for modern applications such as photonic inks, colorimetric sensors, self-cleaning surfaces, water purification systems, or batteries. This review summarizes recent developments in the field of CBPM, including principles for their design, fabrication, and applications, with a particular focus on structural features and materials' properties that enable these applications. We begin with a short introduction to the wide variety of patterns that can be generated by colloidal self-assembly and templating processes. We then discuss different applications of such structures, focusing on optics, wetting, sensing, catalysis, and electrodes. Different fields of applications require different properties, yet the modularity of the assembly process of CBPM provides a high degree of tunability and tailorability in composition and structure. We examine the significance of properties such as structure, composition, and degree of order on the materials' functions and use, as well as trends in and future directions for the development of CBPM.

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Section: Factors Influencing Sensing Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A colloidoscope of colloid-based porous materials and their uses

et al. 2016

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“…Th ey used PCCAs, which had been demonstrated to be useful as a practical colorimetric sensor for various types of analytes. As shown in Figure 10(a), the lattice constant of a PCCA can be increased or decreased through specifi c binding, in which the hydrogel network is modifi ed to be capable of the molecular recognition of analytes [91][92][93][94]. Such binding events result in a considerable diff erence between the ionic concentrations of the hydrogel and the surrounding medium, which in turn results in the swelling of the hydrogel by osmotic pressure and in a red-shift in the bandgap position.…”

Section: Biological Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Th e swelling behavior is highly reversible and can be observed directly by monitoring the color change. Such a mechanism can, for example, allow the concentration of glucose in the eye to be monitored in real time by fabricating contact lenses out of this PCCA for patients suff ering from diabetes [91,93,94].…”

Section: Biological Toolsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-assembled colloidal structures for photonics

et al. 2011

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A s dielectric structures with a submicrometer length scale can interact strongly with light, various remarkable optical responses can be designed and tailored depending on the types and parameters of their structures. Over the past few decades, the unusual optical properties of the periodic dielectric structures called photonic crystals have been investigated intensively [1]. Many research groups have endeavored to engineer the optical properties of photonic crystals, including photonic bandgaps, 'slow' photons, negative refraction and other properties, or to use them in practical applications. Two-dimensional (2D) structures, which are mostly prepared by conventional lithographic processes, were demonstrated initially, in which total internal refl ections were adopted for confi ning the light in a nonperiodic third direction, and their use has been investigated in some limited applications [2]. Th ree-dimensional (3D) structures have also been investigated intensively because of their complete photonic bandgaps in certain structures, a critical property for controlling light in 3D space. Research on such structures has been supported by the recent development of facile fabrication methods, including the selfassembly of simple monodisperse particles, also known as colloidal self-assembly [3], block copolymer self-assembly [4], the auto-cloning process [5] and holographic lithography [6]. Of these methods, colloidal self-assembly is the most promising for the low-cost production of 2D and 3D photonic crystals over large areas or with various shapes [7,8]. Schematic diagrams of the basic colloidal crystal structure along with inverse and short-range-ordered scattering structures for photonic applications are shown in Figure 1. Disordered dielectric structures of monodisperse particles called photonic glasses have begun to be investigated as another class of photonic nanostructures that can manifest some unusual optical phenomena such as random lasing, strong light localization and long-range intensity correlations. In this review article, we describe self-assembled colloidal photonic nanostructures in brief and summarize recent achievements in the fi eld of colloidal photonic nanostructures and their applications. Fabrication of photonic nanostructures by colloidal assembly Colloidal crystalsSince Vanderhoff 's serendipitous discovery of a synthetic method for preparing monodisperse polymer colloids [9], the method has been extended to the preparation of a variety of polymeric colloids and also to the processing of inorganic colloidal particles such as silica, titania and iron oxide. As long as particles are stable in liquid and their size distribution is suffi ciently narrow, they can be crystallized in a facecentered cubic (fcc) lattice by increasing their volume fraction through any concentration process, such as controlled evaporation, sedimentation or fi ltration. In general, the interparticle forces can be described by summing over the various potentials from diff erent origins, including intermolecular for...

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“…Due to the Bragg diffraction of light waves, the observable color or the strongest peak value of k max of the reflection spectra for the IOH can be estimated by the following equation [50,51] …”

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confidence: 99%

Multiresponsive Inverse‐Opal Hydrogels

et al. 2007

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Photonic crystals have been extensively studied over the last several years because of their potential applications in optical communication. Many methods, including templating methods, have been used to fabricate photonic crystals, of which colloidal crystals are especially important because they offer a wide range of easy ways to create various photonic crystals with opal or inverse-opal structure by selecting different infiltration methods, such as sol-gel processes, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), electrochemical processes, chemical bath deposition, and atomic layer deposition. At present, photonic crystals of various types of materials have been synthesized, including semiconductors, [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] metals, [8][9][10] polymers [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19] and hydrogels. [20][21][22][23] Several assembling methods have been utilized for forming colloidal crystals, but the vertical deposition-evaporation method is most often reported because of its easy operation and inexpensive cost. [24][25][26][27][28][29] Recently, much attention has been paid to responsive photonic crystals (or sensitive photonic crystals) whose diffraction wavelength (location of the photonic bandgap, PBG) shifts as the external ambient is changed. Photonic crystals can exhibit brilliant color called structural color due to Bragg diffraction if the PBG is located in the visible-light region. The structural color depends on the PBG that is determined by the material and crystal lattice. Thus, a structure's color naturally offers a signal of the lattice structure of the photonic crystals for specific materials. Many polymer hydrogels can change volume reversibly in response to external conditions, such as solvent, [30,31] temperature, [32,33] pH and ionic strength, [34] and biomolecules. [35][36][37][38] This makes hydrogels excellent candidate materials for optically based sensors when they are coupled to an appropriate signal transduction mechanism, such as structure color or optical diffraction. Up to now, there are three types of responsive photonic crystals based on hydrogels. One is the pioneering work of Asher and co-workers who created functional periodic hydrogel structures through polymerization inside colloidal crystals, called polymerized colloidal crystal arrays (PCCAs).[20] They and other groups have demonstrated reversible diffraction shifts of PCCAs due to stimuli such as mechanical force, [20,39] metal ions, [21,22,40] pH and ionic strength, [23] and glucose. [22,41,42] Another type is opals from microgels such as poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel. [43][44][45][46] These microgel opals displayed thermally induced shifts in optical diffraction due to lower critical solution temperature (LCST) behavior. The last one is inverse-opal hydrogel (IOH). Takeoka formed an IOH of PNIPAM that showed a reversible diffraction shift versus temperature. Lee synthesized mechanically robust IOH based on copolymers that exhibited optical diffraction sensitive to pH, ionic strength, and glucose. [47,48] Barry recen...

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Simple and Precise Preparation of a Porous Gel for a Colorimetric Glucose Sensor by a Templating Technique

Cited by 244 publications

References 25 publications

A colloidoscope of colloid-based porous materials and their uses

A colloidoscope of colloid-based porous materials and their uses

Self-assembled colloidal structures for photonics

Multiresponsive Inverse‐Opal Hydrogels

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