Simple and Low-Cost Preparation Method for Highly Dispersed PtRu/C Catalysts

Yang, Bo; Lu, Qingye; Wang, Yang; Zhuang, Lin; Lu, Juntao; Liu, Peifang; Wang, Jianbo; Wang, Renhui

doi:10.1021/cm034306r

Cited by 145 publications

(94 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…However, several ppm of carbon monoxide (CO) present in the hydrogen (H 2 ) typically produced from reformation of natural gas, methanol or other liquid fuels, can severely poison the platinum active sites [1][2][3][4][5]7,[12][13][14]. Many studies have been carried out to develop CO-tolerant catalysts and considerable advances have been obtained [1][2][3][4][5][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14]. Of many possibilities, the PtRu nanocomposites are now recognized as the most promising candidate [1][2][3][4][5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported PtRu catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2005

Carbon

123

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of strategies for synthesis of PtRu bimetallic catalysts were attempted [1,[9][10][11]15]. Among these, chemical reduction methods, in which metal precursors are deposited on the surface of a support and then reduced to metal nanoparticles by introduction of a reducing agent, are commonly used [4,15,16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported PtRu catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Liang

Zhang

et al. 2005

Carbon

123

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“…Although many studies in the literature can be found dealing with platinum deposited on carbon (among others), [24][25][26][27][28] fundamental research on the preparation of carbon-supported platinum catalysts is rather scarce. 5,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35] In our research on the application of platinum on CNF, we have compared the results obtained with an HDP method with those obtained with ion adsorption (IA), and we have investigated the extent of interaction between the dissolved metal precursor and the CNF support.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Carbon Nanofiber Supported Platinum and Ruthenium Catalysts: Comparison of Ion Adsorption and Homogeneous Deposition Precipitation

et al. 2004

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Carbon nanofiber (CNF) supported platinum catalysts have been prepared using Pt(NH 3 ) 4 (NO 3 ) 2 as a precursor by two different ion adsorption techniques, one at a constant pH and one in which the pH is gradually and homogeneously increased from 3 to 6 by hydrolysis of urea. The latter method resembles the procedure of homogeneous deposition precipitation (HDP). Characterization of the CNF support was performed by acidbase titration, thermogravimetric mass spectrometry, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and for the various platinum catalysts, transmission electron microscopy, H 2 -chemisorption, and X-ray fluorescence/inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry were utilized. With both synthesis techniques from diluted precursor solutions homogeneously distributed, highly dispersed and thermally stable metal particles were obtained with an average particle size of 1-2 nm. With the HDP method for the Pt/CNF catalysts, a linear relationship between the number of acidic oxygen-containing groups on the surface of activated CNF and the metal loading has been found. For the highest loaded catalyst, a platinum/adsorption site ratio of 0.5 was established, corresponding to about 0.7 Pt(NH 3 ) 4 2+ molecules/nm 2 . Furthermore, it has been established that with this procedure higher platinum loadings (∼4 wt %) can be achieved than with the ion adsorption procedure (<2 wt %). The HDP method using RuNO(NO 3 ) 3 (H 2 O) 2 also turned out to be suitable for the preparation of small (1-2 nm) uniform ruthenium particles on CNF with a high thermostability.

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“…Features of impregnation method are summarized in Table 1. [29][30][31][32][33][34] This method is widely used for preparing ORR catalysts; e.g., the carbon supported Pt and Pd nanoparticles. 35,36) As for the general procedures, it is as follows: the calculated amount of active metal precursor (e.g., H 2 PtC 16 x H 2 O, RuC 13 , Na 6 Pt(SO 3 ) 4 , and Na 6 Ru(SO 3 ) 4 ) is dissolved in a medium, such as alcohol and/or water.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods Of Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The carbon support loaded with the active metal precursor is then incubated in an oven at 100 o C overnight, and then treated with various reducing agents. Depending on the phase of the reducing agent, there are various methods including the hydrogen gas reduction method 31,32) and the liquid reduction method. 29,35,[38][39][40][41] Recently carbide based catalysts (e.g., Pt-W 2 C/C, Co 6 Mo 6 C 2 /C) prepared by combining the impregnation and microwave heating methods have been intensively studied.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods Of Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries

Park

Kim

Seo

et al. 2014

Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology

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ABSTRACT:Li-air cell is an exotic type of energy storage and conversion device considered to be half battery and half fuel cell. Its successful commercialization highly depends on the timely development of key components. Among these key components, the catalyst (i.e., the core portion of the air electrode) is of critical importance and of the upmost priority. Indeed, it is expected that these catalysts will have a direct and dramatic impact on the Li-air cell's performance by reducing overpotentials, as well as by enhancing the overall capacity and cycle life of Li-air cells. Unfortunately, the technological advancement related to catalysts is sluggish at present. Based on the insights gained from this review, this sluggishness is due to challenges in both the commercialization of the catalyst, and the fundamental studies pertaining to its development. Challenges in the commercialization of the catalyst can be summarized as 1) the identification of superior materials for Li-air cell catalysts, 2) the development of fundamental, material-based assessments for potential catalyst materials, 3) the achievement of a reduction in both cost and time concerning the design of the Li-air cell catalysts. As for the challenges concerning the fundamental studies of Li-air cell catalysts, they are 1) the development of experimental techniques for determining both the nano and micro structure of catalysts, 2) the attainment of both repeatable and verifiable experimental characteristics of catalyst degradation, 3) the development of the predictive capability pertaining to the performance of the catalyst using fundamental material properties. Therefore, under the current circumstances, it is going to be an extremely daunting task to develop appropriate catalysts for the commercialization of Li-air batteries; at least within the foreseeable future. Regardless, nano materials are expected to play a crucial role in this field.

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Simple and Low-Cost Preparation Method for Highly Dispersed PtRu/C Catalysts

Cited by 145 publications

References 82 publications

Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported PtRu catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Preparation and characterization of multi-walled carbon nanotubes supported PtRu catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Preparation of Carbon Nanofiber Supported Platinum and Ruthenium Catalysts: Comparison of Ion Adsorption and Homogeneous Deposition Precipitation

Practical Challenges Associated with Catalyst Development for the Commercialization of Li-air Batteries

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