Simple and Effective Administration and Visualization of Microparticles in the Circulatory System of Small Fishes Using Kidney Injection

Borvinskaya, Ekaterina; Gurkov, Anton; Shchapova, Ekaterina; Karnaukhov, Dmitry; Sadovoy, Anton; Meglinski, Igor; Timofeyev, Maxim A.

doi:10.3791/57491

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Fluorescent PMs-PEG were fabricated as described in detail previously ( Borvinskaya et al, 2018b ). Conjugate of the fluorescent dye fluorescein isothiocyanate with albumin (#FD20S; Sigma-Aldrich, USA; Ex 494 nm, Em 512 nm) was microencapsulated in order to contrast PMs-PEG in fish organs during fluorescent microscopy without the need for additional labeling of microcapsules after histological fixation of tissues.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To deliver the microcapsules into the fish bloodstream, we injected the microcapsules directly into the fish kidney, as described in detail elsewhere ( Borvinskaya et al, 2018b ). Due to the small size of D. rerio , it is difficult to administer PMs-PEG directly into the fish blood vessels; therefore, injection into vascular-rich tissues to deliver microcapsules into the circulatory system was performed as an alternative.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Polyelectrolyte microcapsules (PMs) are one of the most promising candidates as such carriers. PMs, assembled by a layer-by-layer adsorption technique ( Donath et al, 1998 ; Volodkin, Larionova & Sukhorukov, 2004 ; Borvinskaya et al, 2018b ), are hollow, several microns in size, and have an elastic semipermeable wall, which mimics erythrocytes in the ability to disseminate across the circulatory system, even in the smallest blood capillaries, without considerable occlusions ( She et al, 2012 ). Furthermore, PMs are easy to prepare, do not contain toxic components and can be covered by such coatings as polyethylene glycol (PEG) to delay their recognition by the immune system ( Wattendorf et al, 2008 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Histopathological analysis of zebrafish after introduction of non-biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules into the circulatory system

Borvinskaya

Gurkov

Shchapova

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Polyelectrolyte microcapsules are among the most promising carriers of various sensing substances for their application inside the bloodstream of vertebrates. The long-term effects of biodegradable microcapsules in mammals are relatively well studied, but this is not the case for non-biodegradable microcapsules, which may be even more generally applicable for physiological measurements. In the current study, we introduced non-biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules coated with polyethylene glycol (PMs-PEG) into the circulatory system of zebrafish to assess their long-term effects on fish internal organs with histopathologic analysis. Implantation of PMs-PEG was not associated with the formation of microclots or thrombi in thin capillaries; thus, the applied microcapsules had a low aggregation capacity. The progression of the immune response to the implant depended on the time and the abundance of microparticles in the tissues. We showed that inflammation originated from recognition and internalization of PMs-PEG by phagocytes. These microcapsule-filled immune cells have been found to migrate through the intestinal wall into the lumen, demonstrating a possible mechanism for partial microparticle elimination from fish. The observed tissue immune response to PMs-PEG was local, without a systemic effect on the fish morphology. The most pronounced chronic severe inflammatory reaction was observed near the injection site in renal parenchyma and within the abdominal cavity since PMs-PEG were administered with kidney injection. Blood clots and granulomatosis were noted at the injection site but were not found in the kidneys outside the injection site. Single microcapsules brought by blood into distal organs did not have a noticeable effect on the surrounding tissues. The severity of noted pathologies of the gills was insufficient to affect respiration. No statistically significant alterations in hepatic morphology were revealed after PMs-PEG introduction into fish body. Overall, our data demonstrate that despite they are immunogenic, non-biodegradable PMs-PEG have low potential to cause systemic effects if applied in the minimal amount necessary for detection of fluorescent signal from the microcapsules.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Histopathological analysis of zebrafish after introduction of non-biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules into the circulatory system

Borvinskaya

Gurkov

Shchapova

et al. 2021

PeerJ

Self Cite

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“…Fluorescent dyes were encapsulated at room temperature using the layer-by-layer adsorption of oppositely charged polyelectrolytes, as described previously [19]. The conjugates FITC-albumin and SNARF-1-dextran were co-precipitated in porous CaCO 3 microcores by mixing 2 mL of 4 mg/mL conjugate solution with 0.615 mL of 1 M CaCl 2 and 1 M Na 2 CO 3 solutions.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Microcapsules and autofluorescence of E. verrucosus were visualized under the Mikmed-2 fluorescence microscope (LOMO, Saint Petersburg, Russia), with either the EOS 1200 camera (Canon, Taiwan) or the QE Pro spectrometer (Ocean Optics, Largo, FL, USA; acquisition range 350–1100 nm, INTSMA-200 optical slit, integration time 1–5 s) attached. The spectrometer was connected to the microscope, as described previously [19]. The animals were restrained under the 10× microscope objective using a thermostatic cell containing circulating Baikal water with a temperature of 5–8 °C, according to previous recommendations [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of PEG-Covered Non-Biodegradable Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules in the Crustacean Circulatory System on the Example of the Amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus

et al. 2019

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Layer-by-layer assembled microcapsules are promising carriers for the delivery of various pharmaceutical and sensing substances into specific organs of different animals, but their utility in vivo inside such an important group as crustaceans remains poorly explored. In the current study, we analyzed several significant aspects of the application of fluorescent microcapsules covered by polyethylene glycol (PEG) inside the crustacean circulatory system, using the example of the amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus. In particular, we explored the distribution dynamics of visible microcapsules after injection into the main hemolymph vessel; analyzed the most significant features of E. verrucosus autofluorescence; monitored amphipod mortality and biochemical markers of stress response after microcapsule injection, as well as the healing of the injection wound; and finally, we studied the immune response to the microcapsules. The visibility of microcapsules decreased with time, however, the central hemolymph vessel was confirmed to be the most promising organ for detecting the spectral signal of implanted microencapsulated fluorescent probes. One million injected microcapsules (sufficient for detecting stable fluorescence during the first hours after injection) showed no toxicity for six weeks, but in vitro amphipod immune cells recognize the PEG-coated microcapsules as foreign bodies and try to isolate them by 12 h after contact.

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Luminescent upconversion nanoparticles evaluating temperature-induced stress experienced by aquatic organisms owing to environmental variations

et al. 2022

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Simple and Effective Administration and Visualization of Microparticles in the Circulatory System of Small Fishes Using Kidney Injection

Cited by 6 publications

References 14 publications

Histopathological analysis of zebrafish after introduction of non-biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules into the circulatory system

Histopathological analysis of zebrafish after introduction of non-biodegradable polyelectrolyte microcapsules into the circulatory system

Application of PEG-Covered Non-Biodegradable Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules in the Crustacean Circulatory System on the Example of the Amphipod Eulimnogammarus verrucosus

Luminescent upconversion nanoparticles evaluating temperature-induced stress experienced by aquatic organisms owing to environmental variations

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