Simple and cost-effective hardware and software for functional brain mapping using intrinsic optical signal imaging

Harrison, Thomas C.; Sigler, Albrecht; Murphy, Timothy H.

doi:10.1016/j.jneumeth.2009.06.021

Cited by 57 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…A fast-capturing camera (QuantEM 512SC) sampled 100 images/3.5 s before and during 15 s of 5 Hz stimulation. The difference in absorption due to shifts in oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin concentrations was calculated (47). Laser-Doppler flowmetry.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca ²⁺ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Lind

Brazhe

Jessen

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

197

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Increased neuron and astrocyte activity triggers increased brain blood flow, but controversy exists over whether stimulationinduced changes in astrocyte activity are rapid and widespread enough to contribute to brain blood flow control. Here, we provide evidence for stimulus-evoked Ca 2+ elevations with rapid onset and short duration in a large proportion of cortical astrocytes in the adult mouse somatosensory cortex. Our improved detection of the fast Ca 2+ signals is due to a signal-enhancing analysis of the Ca 2+ activity. The rapid stimulation-evoked Ca 2+ increases identified in astrocyte somas, processes, and end-feet preceded local vasodilatation. Fast Ca 2+ responses in both neurons and astrocytes correlated with synaptic activity, but only the astrocytic responses correlated with the hemodynamic shifts. These data establish that a large proportion of cortical astrocytes have brief Ca 2+ responses with a rapid onset in vivo, fast enough to initiate hemodynamic responses or influence synaptic activity. and associated astrocytes, which causes fluctuations in cerebral blood flow (CBF) (1-5). Astrocytes are ideally situated for controlling activity-dependent increases in CBF because they closely associate with synapses and contact blood vessels with their end-feet (1, 6). Whether or not astrocytic Ca 2+ responses develop often or rapidly enough to account for vascular signals in vivo is still controversial (7-10). Ca 2+ responses are of interest because intracellular Ca 2+ is a key messenger in astrocytic communication and because enzymes that synthesize the vasoactive substances responsible for neurovascular coupling are Ca 2+ -dependent (1, 4). Neuronal activity releases glutamate at synapses and activates metabotropic glutamate receptors on astrocytes, and this activation can be monitored by imaging cytosolic Ca 2+ changes (11). Astrocytic Ca 2+ responses are often reported to evolve on a slow (seconds) time scale, which is too slow to account for activity-dependent increases in CBF (8,10,12,13). Furthermore, uncaging of Ca 2+ in astrocytes triggers vascular responses in brain slices through specific Ca 2+ -dependent pathways with a protracted time course (14, 15). More recently, stimulation of single presynaptic neurons in hippocampal slices was shown to evoke fast, brief, local Ca 2+ elevations in astrocytic processes that were essential for local synaptic functioning in the adult brain (16,17). This work prompted us to reexamine the characteristics of fast, brief astrocytic Ca 2+ signals in vivo with special regard to neurovascular coupling, i.e., the association between local increases in neural activity and the concomitant rise in local blood flow, which constitutes the physiological basis for functional neuroimaging.Here, we describe how a previously undescribed method of analysis enabled us to provide evidence for fast Ca 2+ responses in a main fraction of astrocytes in mouse whisker barrel cortical layers II/III in response to somatosensory stimulation. The astrocytic Ca 2+ responses were brief en...

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca ²⁺ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Lind

Brazhe

Jessen

et al. 2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

164

197

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…VSD responses to sensory-evoked stimulation were calculated as the normalized difference to the average baseline recorded before stimulation (⌬F/F 0 ϫ 100) using NIH ImageJ with a customwritten plugin (Harrison et al, 2009). To measure spontaneous activity, the images were collected for 10 -30 s epochs with 5 or 6.67 ms temporal resolution and analyzed offline using custom-written code in Matlab and NIH ImageJ.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mirrored Bilateral Slow-Wave Cortical Activity within Local Circuits Revealed by Fast Bihemispheric Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in Anesthetized and Awake Mice

Mohajerani¹,

McVea²,

Fingas³

et al. 2010

J. Neurosci.

250

280

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Spontaneous slow-wave oscillations of neuronal membrane potential occur about once every second in the rodent cortex and may serve to shape the efficacy of evoked neuronal responses and consolidate memory during sleep. However, whether these oscillations reflect the entrainment of all cortical regions via propagating waves or whether they exhibit regional and temporal heterogeneity that reflects processing in local cortical circuits is unknown. Using voltage-sensitive dye (VSD) imaging within an adult C57BL/6J mouse crossmidline large craniotomy preparation, we recorded this depolarizing activity across most of both cortical hemispheres simultaneously in both anesthetized and quiet awake animals. Spontaneous oscillations in the VSD signal were highly synchronized between hemispheres, and acallosal I/LnJ mice indicated that synchrony depended on the corpus callosum. In both anesthetized and awake mice (recovered from anesthesia), the oscillations were not necessarily global changes in activity state but were made up of complex local patterns characterized by multiple discrete peaks that were unevenly distributed across cortex. Although the local patterns of depolarizing activity were complex and changed over tens of milliseconds, they were faithfully mirrored in both hemispheres in mice with an intact corpus callosum, to perhaps ensure parallel modification of related circuits in both hemispheres. We conclude that within global rhythms of spontaneous activity are complex events that reflect orchestrated processing within local cortical circuits.

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“…To correct for time-dependent changes in VSD signals that accompany all imaging, we also collected a number of nonstimulation trials that were used for normalization of stimulated data. (Harrison et al, 2009). To calculate the VSD signals during spontaneous brain activity, we first filtered the signals with a zero-phase Chebyshev bandpass (0.1-10 Hz) using custom scripts written in MATLAB (MathWorks).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals Dynamic Spatiotemporal Properties of Cortical Activity after Spontaneous Muscle Twitches in the Newborn Rat

2012

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Spontaneous activity in the developing brain contributes to its maturation, but how this activity is coordinated between distinct cortical regions and whether it might reflect developing sensory circuits is not well understood. Here, we address this question by imaging the spread and synchronization of cortical activity using voltage-sensitive dyes (VSDs) in the developing rat in vivo. In postnatal day 4 -6 rats (n ϭ 10), we collected spontaneous changes in VSD signal that reflect underlying membrane potential changes over a large craniotomy (50 mm 2 ) that encompassed both the sensory and motor cortices of both hemispheres. Bursts of depolarization that occurred approximately once every 12 s were preceded by spontaneous twitches of the hindlimbs and/or tail. The close association with peripheral movements suggests that these bursts may represent a slow component of spindle bursts, a prominent form of activity in the developing somatosensory cortex. Twitch-associated cortical activity was synchronized between subregions of somatosensory cortex, which reflected the synchronized twitching of the limbs and tail. This activity also spread asymmetrically, toward the midline of the brain. We found that the spatial and temporal structure of such spontaneous cortical bursts closely matched that of sensory-evoked activity elicited via direct stimulation of the periphery. These data suggest that spontaneous cortical activity provides a recurring template of functional cortical circuits within the developing cortex and could contribute to the maturation of integrative connections between sensory and motor cortices.

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Simple and cost-effective hardware and software for functional brain mapping using intrinsic optical signal imaging

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca ²⁺ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca ²⁺ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Mirrored Bilateral Slow-Wave Cortical Activity within Local Circuits Revealed by Fast Bihemispheric Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in Anesthetized and Awake Mice

Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals Dynamic Spatiotemporal Properties of Cortical Activity after Spontaneous Muscle Twitches in the Newborn Rat

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Simple and cost-effective hardware and software for functional brain mapping using intrinsic optical signal imaging

Cited by 57 publications

References 30 publications

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca 2+ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca 2+ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Mirrored Bilateral Slow-Wave Cortical Activity within Local Circuits Revealed by Fast Bihemispheric Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging in Anesthetized and Awake Mice

Voltage-Sensitive Dye Imaging Reveals Dynamic Spatiotemporal Properties of Cortical Activity after Spontaneous Muscle Twitches in the Newborn Rat

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Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca ²⁺ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo

Rapid stimulus-evoked astrocyte Ca ²⁺ elevations and hemodynamic responses in mouse somatosensory cortex in vivo