Simmondsin: effects on meal patterns and choice behavior in rats

Lievens, Sylvia; Flo, Gerda; Decuypere, Eddy; Boven, Maurits Van; Cokelaere, Marnix

doi:10.1016/s0031-9384(03)00039-8

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Average meal size and number of the control group were in line with some studies (3,30), but a higher meal number was reported by others (3,29,35). The observed circadian rhythm of the meals between the nocturnal and diurnal periods of control rats was similar to that reported by other investigators (24,26).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Meal Pattern of Male Rats Maintained on Histidine‐, Leucine‐, or Tyrosine‐Supplemented Diet

Bassil

Hwalla

Obeid

2007

Obesity

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BASSIL, MAYA S., NAHLA HWALLA, AND OMAR A. OBEID. Meal pattern of male rats maintained on histidine-, leucine-, or tyrosine-supplemented diet. Obesity. 2007;15: 616 -623. Objective: Food intake is known to be affected by macronutrient composition of the diet, and protein manipulation has been reported to alter food intake, but the effect of individual amino acids on eating behavior has not been fully studied. This study investigated the effect of diet supplementation with three individual amino acids on meal pattern in male rats. Research Methods and Procedures: Thirty-two SpragueDawley rats were randomly divided into four equal groups and fed control diet or histidine (5%)-, leucine (5%)-, or tyrosine (5%)-supplemented diet for 2 weeks and were monitored for their meal pattern. Results: Total food intake and feeding rate of the different groups were not affected, although other components of meal pattern were altered. Histidine supplementation reduced diurnal meal size by 42% (p Ͻ 0.05), whereas that of leucine increased nocturnal meal size by ϳ35% (p Ͻ 0.05). Tyrosine supplementation increased food intake of the nocturnal period and decreased that of the diurnal period. Both histidine and tyrosine supplementation elevated fasting plasma insulin levels and suppressed fasting glucose significantly. Discussion: Individual amino acids were found to alter meal pattern differently. Further investigations are required to dissect the involvement of central and peripheral factors in these alterations.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Meal Pattern of Male Rats Maintained on Histidine‐, Leucine‐, or Tyrosine‐Supplemented Diet

Bassil

Hwalla

Obeid

2007

Obesity

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“…More speciWcally, rats fed the cyanoglycoside, simmondsin (Lievens et al 2003), brushtail possums fed the terpene, 1,8-cineole (Wiggins et al 2003), desert woodrats fed phenolic resin from creosote bush (Sorensen et al 2005) and ringtail possums fed foliage containing FPCs (Wiggins et al 2006), all ate smaller and slower meals. That Wnal study is of particular relevance to ours, because ringtail possums are known to regulate FPC intake via feedback from the emetic system (Lawler et al 1998).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The palatability of foods eaten by wild herbivores may depend on competition between the need for nutrients and avoidance of toxicity . Furthermore, previous experience with a PSM allows animals to anticipate the consequences of ingestion (Distel and Provenza 1991;Villalba and Provenza 2000;Provenza et al 2003;Villalba et al 2004), which can alter feeding behaviour (Lievens et al 2003). Animals learn to associate the Xavour of a food with its post-ingestive consequences, and when Xavour cues reliably indicate toxin concentrations, they can regulate intake based on the strength of the Xavour alone (Launchbaugh et al 1993;Lawler et al 1999).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural contributions to the regulated intake of plant secondary metabolites in koalas

2007

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In a given period of time, herbivores often eat less as dietary plant secondary metabolite (PSM) concentrations increase. This reduction in total food intake is interpreted as a need for the herbivore to regulate PSM ingestion in order to avoid toxication. However, regulation of PSM ingestion involves more than the reduction of total intake; it involves an alteration of meal patterns, through a reduction in the number and/or the size of the meals eaten. Despite this, studies of how herbivores alter their meal patterns when offered varying concentrations of PSMs are rare. We investigated whether koalas adjust the number and/or the size of their meals when offered eucalypt foliage varying naturally in concentrations of formylated phloroglucinol compounds (FPCs), a group of PSMs that have previously been shown to inhibit total food intake. High FPC concentrations caused koalas to eat more slowly, eat shorter meals and eat less per meal, which resulted in a reduced total intake. Because increasing FPC concentrations did not cause koalas to alter the number of meals that they ate, clear individual differences between koalas were observed, where some consistently ate fewer larger meals and others ate many smaller meals. Thus, different feeding strategies may still achieve the same outcome of a regulated intake of PSMs. The changes observed match the meal patterns of other herbivores ingesting PSMs known to stimulate nausea and emetic pathways, supporting the idea that feedback signals from nausea are an important way that koalas avoid toxication when eating eucalypt foliage.

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“…[23] Previous reports indicated that jojoba meal contained antinutritional compounds known as simmondsins (5-demethylsimmondsin, 4,5-didemethylsimmondsin, simmondsin, and simmondsin 2'-ferulate), [24] which have been identified as the component in jojoba that is most responsible for the inhibition of food intake and for appetite suppression in rodents, rats, dogs, and chickens. [25] However, the meal also contains several beneficial compounds, such as phytic acid and polyphenols, which shows antioxidant and anti-cancer activity. [26] The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of jojoba seed in rats fed FB 1contaminated diet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary incorporation of jojoba extract eliminates oxidative damage in livers of rats fed fumonisin-contaminated diet

Abdel‐Wahhab¹,

Joubert²,

El‐Nekeety³

et al. 2015

Hepatoma Res

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International audienceAim: This study aimed to determine the composition of ethanol extract of jojoba seeds, and to evaluate its hepatoprotective effects in rats fed fumonisin B1 (FB1)-contaminated diet.Methods: Jojoba seeds were extracted in 95% ethanol, and the chemical composition was determined. Male rats were divided into six groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows: (1) Untreated control; (2) FB1-contaminated diet (80 mg/kg diet); (3) low dose (0.5 mg/kg b.w.) jojoba extract; (4) high dose (1.0 mg/kg b.w.) jojoba extract; (5) low dose jojoba extract plus FB1; and (6) high dose jojoba extract plus FB1. Blood and liver samples were collected for different biochemical analyses and histological examinations.Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of jojoba is rich in protein, phenolic compounds, phytic acid, and considerable amounts of simmondsin. Animals fed FB1-contaminated diet showed severe biochemical and histological changes typical to those reported in literature. Treatment with jojoba seed extract alone at the two tested doses did not induce significant alterations in all parameters tested. Combined treatment of jojoba seed extract with FB1 eliminated hepatotoxicity induced by FB1, especially at low dose of jojoba seed extract.Conclusion: The authors concluded that jojoba seed extract can be incorporated in FB1-contaminated feed to eliminate FB1-induced hepatotoxicity

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Simmondsin: effects on meal patterns and choice behavior in rats

Cited by 24 publications

References 23 publications

Meal Pattern of Male Rats Maintained on Histidine‐, Leucine‐, or Tyrosine‐Supplemented Diet

Meal Pattern of Male Rats Maintained on Histidine‐, Leucine‐, or Tyrosine‐Supplemented Diet

Behavioural contributions to the regulated intake of plant secondary metabolites in koalas

Dietary incorporation of jojoba extract eliminates oxidative damage in livers of rats fed fumonisin-contaminated diet

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