Similarity to the self influences cortical recruitment during impression formation

Leshikar, Eric D.; Cassidy, Brittany S.; Gutchess, Angela H.

doi:10.3758/s13415-015-0390-3

Cited by 25 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…For example, perhaps an aggressive or assertive individual is someone you would want as a teammate or legal advocate, whereas a caring individual is someone you would want as a friend or caregiver when recuperating from surgery. Other work is consistent with our findings in showing that there is not an overall bias for positive or negative character information to be better remembered by younger or older adults, but that additional factors, such as whether the trait is shared by the self (Leshikar, Cassidy, & Gutchess, 2015;Leshikar, Park, et al, 2015) or pertains to morality (Hess & Kotter-Grühn, 2011) can influence whether positive or negative trait information about others is prioritized in memory. The interplay between social and emotional factors is an interesting direction for future work, particularly in terms of the shared versus distinct effects of aging (Kensinger & Gutchess, 2015, 2017.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Aging on General and Specific Memory for Impressions

Limbert

Coleman

Gutchess

2018

Collabra: Psychology

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Despite the number of documented declines in memory with age, memory for socioemotional information can be preserved into older adulthood. These studies assessed whether memory for character information could be preserved with age, and how the general versus specific nature of the information tested affected outcomes. We hypothesized that memory for general impressions would be preserved with age, but that memory for specific details would be impaired. In two experiments, younger and older adults learned character information about individuals characterized as positive, neutral, or negative. Participants then retrieved general impressions and specific information for each individual. The testing conditions in Experiment 2 discouraged deliberate recall. In Experiment 1, we found that younger performed better than older adults on both general and specific memory measures. Although age differences in memory for specific information persisted in Experiment 2, we found that younger and older adults remembered general impressions to a similar extent when testing conditions encouraged the use of "gut impressions" rather than deliberate retrieval from memory. We conclude that aging affects memory for specific character information, but memory for general impressions can be age-equivalent. Furthermore, there is no evidence for a positivity bias or differences in the effects of valence on memory across the age groups.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Effects of Aging on General and Specific Memory for Impressions

Limbert

Coleman

Gutchess

2018

Collabra: Psychology

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“…Color context memory estimates for both encoding conditions (survival, moving) were calculated as the proportion of color hits (correct color recognition) out of item hits (correct item recognition), which removes the influence of item memory on the context memory measures ( Murnane and Bayen, 1996 ), as we have done before ( Leshikar et al, 2014 , 2016 ; Leshikar and Gutchess, 2015 ). Results of the color context analysis revealed no main effect of condition, F (1, 26) = 1.17, p = 0.288, η 2 = 0.04.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Survival Processing on Item and Context Memory: Enhanced Memory for Survival-Relevant Details

et al. 2020

Self Cite

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Due to the natural selection pressure, certain aspects of memory may have been selected to give humans a survival advantage. Research has demonstrated that processing information for survival relevance leads to better item memory (i.e., the content of information) compared to control conditions. The current study investigates the effects of survival processing on context memory (i.e., memory for peripheral episodic details) and item memory to better understand when the survival processing memory advantage emerges. In this study, participants studied pictures of objects in either a survival or moving (control) condition. Objects were presented in either a plausible color, for example, a red apple, or in an implausible color, such as a green pie. We chose this color plausibility manipulation because color is a detail that conveys information about the fitness (and other diagnostic information) about an item. After studying items, participants made item memory judgments (did you see this item before?) and two context memory judgments: color context (in which color did you see this item?) and source context (in which condition did you see this item?). Results indicated better item memory for materials processed in the survival relative to moving condition. Critically, for color context, there was a condition by plausibility interaction, where memory was best for plausibly colored items in the survival processing condition. There was no difference, however, in source context memory between the survival and moving conditions. These results suggest the survival processing memory advantage extends to contextual details that particularly reflect the survival utility of items such as color.

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“…self-relevant traits, own name, own face, autobiographical memories) as opposed to stimuli related to others. Several key regions along the cortical midline appear to show greater activation to self-related stimuli than other-related stimuli (Heatherton, 2006;Northoff et al, 2006;Northoff, Qin, & Feinberg, 2011), including the anterior cingulate cortex (Leshikar, Cassidy, & Gutchess, 2016), the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the vAI (Murray, Debbané, Fox, Bzdok, & Eickhoff, 2015). The mPFC is particularly involved in the processing of information about people's traits, preferences and beliefs (Frith & Frith, 2003;Ma, Baetens, Vandekerckhove, Van der Cruyssen, & Van Overwalle, 2013;Schilbach, 2015) and shows sensitivity to a number of social factors including social status and ostracism (Muscatell et al, 2012;Powers, Wagner, Norris, & Heatherton, 2013).…”

Section: Conceptual Selfmentioning

confidence: 99%

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

Farmer

Maister

2017

Soc Just Res

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The self is one the most important concepts in social cognition and plays a crucial role in determining questions such as which social groups we view ourselves as belonging to and how we relate to others. In the past decade, the self has also become an important topic within cognitive neuroscience with an explosion in the number of studies seeking to understand how different aspects of the self are represented within the brain. In this paper, we first outline the recent research on the neurocognitive basis of the self and highlight a key distinction between two forms of self-representation. The first is the ''bodily'' self, which is thought to be the basis of subjective experience and is grounded in the processing of sensorimotor signals. The second is the ''conceptual'' self, which develops through our interactions of other and is formed of a rich network of associative and semantic information. We then investigate how both the bodily and conceptual self are related to social cognition with an emphasis on how self-representations are involved in the processing and creation of prejudice. We then highlight new research demonstrating that the bodily and conceptual self are both malleable and that this malleability can be harnessed in order to achieve a reduction in social prejudice. In particular, we will outline strong evidence that modulating people's perceptions of the bodily self can lead to changes in attitudes at the conceptual level. We will highlight a series of studies demonstrating that social attitudes towards various social out-groups (e.g. racial groups) can lead to a reduction in prejudice towards that group. Finally, we seek to place these findings in a broader social context by considering how innovations in virtual reality technology can allow experiences of taking on another's identity are likely to become both more commonplace and more convincing in the future and the various opportunities and risks associated with using such technology to reduce prejudice.

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Similarity to the self influences cortical recruitment during impression formation

Cited by 25 publications

References 74 publications

Effects of Aging on General and Specific Memory for Impressions

Effects of Aging on General and Specific Memory for Impressions

Effects of Survival Processing on Item and Context Memory: Enhanced Memory for Survival-Relevant Details

Putting Ourselves in Another’s Skin: Using the Plasticity of Self-Perception to Enhance Empathy and Decrease Prejudice

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