A comparative study of carbonyl oxygen atoms in diverse molecular environments is presented. The variability of shapes of oxygen atoms is quantified with a newly developed similarity measure that confirms the qualitative conclusions of visual assessment. Electronic properties of these atoms, such as charges, energies, and dipole moments, are computed and their possible correlations with the atomic shapes are studied. Factors that affect atomic shapes are investigated and found to be distinct from those influencing electronic properties of atoms in molecules. The kinetic energies of the atoms under study correlate poorly with the atomic charges. The second-neighbor effects on the atomic energies and charges are approximately additive. Both the theoretical considerations and the numerical results definitively rule out the possibility of the shapes of atomic basins unambiguously determining the properties of atoms in molecules. The consequences of this observation for the recently contemplated approaches to the prediction of electronic properties of large molecules are discussed.Key words: atoms in molecules, properties of -; similarity of -; transferability of -.Resume : On prCsente les rCsultats d'une Ctude comparative des atornes d'oxygkne de carbonyles dans divers environnements moltculaires. On a quantifiC la variabilitC des formes des atornes d'oxygkne ? i l'aide d'une mesure de similaritt dtveloppCe rCcemment qui confirme les conclusions qualitatives de l'attribution visuelle. On a calculC les propriCtCs Clectroniques de ces atomes, telles que les charges, les Cnergies et les moments dipolaires et on a CtudiC leurs corrClations possibles avec les formes atorniques et on a trouvC qu'elles sont diffkrentes de celles qui influencent les propriCtCs Clectroniques des atomes dans les molCcules. La relation entre les Cnergies cinCtiques des atomes examints et leurs charges atomiques n'est pas bonne. Les effets du deuxikme voisin sur les Cnergies et les charges atomiques sont approximativement additifs. Les considCrations thCoriques ainsi que les rCsultats numCriques permettent d'Climiner dtfinitivement la possibilitC d'utiliser les formes des bassins atomiques pour dCterminer sans ambigu'itk les propriCtCs des atomes dans les molCcules. On discute des consCquences de cette observation sur les approches contemplCes rCcemment pour prCdire les propriCtCs Clectroniques de grosses molCcules.