Similarity and diversity in adventitious root anatomy as related to root aeration among a range of wetland and dryland grass species

Abstract

Assessments of the anatomy, porosity and profiles of radial O 2 loss from adventitious roots of 10 species in the Poaceae (from four subfamilies) and two species in the Cyperaceae identified a combination of features characteristic of species that inhabit wetland environments. These include a strong barrier to radial O 2 loss in the basal regions of the adventitious roots and extensive aerenchyma formation when grown not only in stagnant but also in aerated nutrient solution. Adventitious root porosity was greater for plants grown in stagnant compared with aerated solution, for all 10 species in the Poaceae. The 'wetland root' archetype was best developed in Oryza sativa and the two species of the Cyperaceae, in which the stele contributed less than 5% of the root cross-sectional area, the cells of the inner cortex were packed in a cuboidal arrangement, and aerenchyma was up to 35-52%. Variations of this root structure, in which the proportional and absolute area of stele was greater, with hexagonal arrangements of cells in the inner cortex and varying in the extent of aerenchyma formation, were present in the other wetland species from the subfamilies Pooideae, Panicoideae and Arundinoideae. Of particular interest were Vetiveria zizanoides and V. filipes , wetland grass species from the tribe Andropogoneae (the same tribe as sorghum, maize and sugarcane), that had a variant of the root anatomy found in rice. The results are promising with regard to enhancing these traits in waterlogging intolerant crops.

Does Morphological and Anatomical Plasticity during the Vegetative Stage Make Wheat More Tolerant of Water Deficit Stress Than Rice?

“…The stele size and SD:RD are lower in wetland than in dryland plants (McDonald et al, 2002), and our result confirms this difference between rice and wheat (Figs. 5 and 6).…”

Respuesta de las plantas a estrés por inundación. Una revisión

“…En plantas de Hordeum marinum que crecieron bajo anoxia, la estela ocupa 26% del total de una sección del corte de la raíz (Garthwaite et al, 2008), en Vetiveria filipes, el porcentaje que ocupa la estela es de 27,3 en suelos aireados y 20,2 en suelos estancados, en Sorghum bicolor es de 35,5 y 26,4 respectivamente, en Cenchrus ciliaris el porcentaje de la estela es de 33,3 y 24,9 en suelos aireados y anegados respectivamente (McDonald et al, 2002), mientras que en plantas de álamo…”

Resistance induction for Meloidogyne incognita in sugarcane through mineral organic fertilizers

“…de Bary, Phytophthora capsici Leonian, Phytophthora palmivora Butler, Phytophthora cinnamomi Ronds (Hardy, Barret and Shearer, 2001) and Peronospora sparsa Berkeley (Brandão, 2006). Functional behavior of graminaceous roots have been described for regarding to gas transport in relation to physical barriers in the cortex outer layers (Visser et al, 2000;McDonald, Galwey and Colmer, 2002). Apparently, the influence of the association of the fertilizer and fungi inoculation on mechanical strength and resistance in the root structure has not been addressed.…”

“…Althougt adaptive value in the proportion of aerenchyma has been observed between different species (Vasellati et al, 2001). The largest survey of the anatomical features of roots of sugarcane focused different aspects as the anatomy, morphology and physiology (Julien, et al 1988), the adaptation of adventitious roots to waterlogged soils (McDonald, Galwey and Colmer, 2002), deprivation of oxygen in sugarcane under pathogen action (Yin and Hoy, 1998), and the pathogen infecting stalks (Chona, 1950). Interactions between the plants and parasitic nematodes have been studied, focusing preferentially physiology and molecular aspects (Hussey and Williamson, 1998) without any reference to the possible disturbances in the anatomical structure in the new roots produced by infected plants.…”

“…Apparently, the influence of the association of the fertilizer and fungi inoculation on mechanical strength and resistance in the root structure has not been addressed. Anatomical features such as extent of aerenchyma, stele dimensions, pattern of cortical cell arrangement, and a barrier to radial O 2 loss are important to the efficacy of internal aeration within a root (Armstrong, 1979;Armstrong and Beckett, 1987;McDonald, Galwey and Colmer, 2002). Althougt adaptive value in the proportion of aerenchyma has been observed between different species (Vasellati et al, 2001).…”