Similarity and attraction effects in episodic memory judgments

Maylor, Elizabeth A.; Roberts, Matthew

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2006.12.002

Cited by 16 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The results support previous evidence that the similarity effect arises in a number of domains (Maylor & Roberts, 2007;Tsetsos et al 2011;Tversky, 1972).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…More recently, Choplin and Hummel (2005) found the attraction effect using unidimensional perceptual stimuli. Maylor and Roberts (2007) obtained attraction and similarity effects in an episodic memory task, and Tsetsos, Usher, and McClelland (2011) obtained the similarity effect using time-varying psychophysical stimuli. While these studies have greatly added to our understanding of context effects, they have not demonstrated the occurrence of all three effects in the same, non-consumer-goods domain.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Multialternative context effects obtained using an inference task

Trueblood

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

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When decision-makers are faced with a choice among multiple options that have several attributes, preferences are often influenced by how the options are related to one another. For example, consumer preferences can be influenced, and even reversed, by the context defined by available products. This article discusses three standard context effects found in the preferential-choice literature: the attraction, similarity, and compromise effects. While decision theorists have attempted to explain these three effects under single modeling accounts, it has never before been demonstrated that these effects can be obtained within the same experimental paradigm. A set of experiments is described that demonstrate the three effects in an inference task. The paradigm is completely novel, as no previous experimental work has examined the standard context effects in inference. The experiments also add to evidence that the effects are not confined to choices among options with affective value, such as consumer products. The experimental results provide evidence that these effects might be a general property of human choice behavior and bring into question explanations of the effects that are based on the concept of loss-aversion asymmetry.

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“…The results support previous evidence that the similarity effect arises in a number of domains (Maylor & Roberts, 2007;Tsetsos et al 2011;Tversky, 1972).…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Multialternative context effects obtained using an inference task

Trueblood

2012

Psychon Bull Rev

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“…The attraction effect enhances the probability of choosing an option by introducing a similar, but inferior ("decoy") option (Choplin & Hummel, 2005;Huber et al, 1982;Maylor & Roberts, 2007). Cotisider the choice set {X, Y] and the decoy R^, which is a I i Y Attribute P Figure I, The various options producing context effects plotted in a two-dimensional space defined by two attribute values such as price and quality.…”

Section: The Attraction Effectmentioning

confidence: 98%

The multiattribute linear ballistic accumulator model of context effects in multialternative choice.

Trueblood¹,

Brown²,

Heathcote³

2014

Psychological Review

237

358

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Context effects occur when a choice between 2 options is altered by adding a 3rd alternative. Three major context effects--similarity, compromise, and attraction--have wide-ranging implications across applied and theoretical domains, and have driven the development of new dynamic models of multiattribute and multialternative choice. We propose the multiattribute linear ballistic accumulator (MLBA), a new dynamic model that provides a quantitative account of all 3 context effects. Our account applies not only to traditional paradigms involving choices among hedonic stimuli, but also to recent demonstrations of context effects with nonhedonic stimuli. Because of its computational tractability, the MLBA model is more easily applied than previous dynamic models. We show that the model also accounts for a range of other phenomena in multiattribute, multialternative choice, including time pressure effects, and that it makes a new prediction about the relationship between deliberation time and the magnitude of the similarity effect, which we confirm experimentally.

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“…This research finds that adding or removing irrelevant alternatives—or decoys—from the set of available choice options can alter preferences. Recently, psychologists have begun extending this research to inference and judgment (Choplin & Hummel, ; Maylor & Roberts, ; Trueblood, ; Trueblood, Brown, & Heathcote, in press; Trueblood, Brown, Heathcote, & Busemeyer, ). As in the domain of preferential choice, this work finds that adding or removing irrelevant alternatives from the set of available responses can alter stated beliefs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Confirmatory Search and Asymmetric Dominance

Bhatia

2014

Behavioral Decision Making

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Decision makers use confirmatory search strategies in judgment tasks. As a result of this, their attention towards task-relevant cues is biased in favor of cues supporting available responses. Changing these responses can alter the cues used in the judgment task and, subsequently, alter beliefs. We use this mechanism to predict and explain the emergence of the asymmetric dominance effect in judgment. In four sets of experiments, we document systematic changes in belief, as dominated options are added to the response set. These effects emerge for a number of naturalistic judgment tasks and are mediated by the increased accessibility of decoy-supporting cues. Finally, these effects can be eliminated when the decision maker's attention is drawn towards the cues supporting the non-dominant response.

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Similarity and attraction effects in episodic memory judgments

Cited by 16 publications

References 24 publications

Multialternative context effects obtained using an inference task

Multialternative context effects obtained using an inference task

The multiattribute linear ballistic accumulator model of context effects in multialternative choice.

Confirmatory Search and Asymmetric Dominance

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