Similarities and Differences of Neuropsychological Profiles in Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls Using Cluster and Discriminant Function Analyses

Rose, Mark; Stedal, Kristin; Reville, Marie-Claire; Noort, Betteke Maria van; Kappel, Viola; Frampton, Ian; Watkins, Beth; Lask, Bryan

doi:10.1093/arclin/acw068

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…To complicate matters further, substantial heterogeneity of social functioning exists across individuals with AN (Renwick et al, 2015; Rose et al, 2016). A clear profile of social difficulties in people with AN has not emerged, and several subgroups may exist.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Patterns in individuals with anorexia nervosa

Bentz

Westwood

Jepsen

et al. 2020

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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Objective Studies have used the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (the ADOS‐2) in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), but the patterns of scores have not been assessed. We examined which subset of the ADOS‐2 items best discriminate individuals with AN from healthy controls (HC), and assessed the potential clustering of AN participants based on different profiles of the ADOS‐2 item scores. Method We combined datasets from two previous studies, and (a) compared mean ranks between young AN participants (N = 118) and HC (N = 42), (ii) replicated the item selection procedure of the existing ADOS‐2 algorithm to assess sensitivity of items in the AN group, and (c) applied a two‐step clustering analysis in the AN group (N = 149). Results AN participants displayed significantly higher mean ranks than HC participants in five of 32 items. All five items are part of the existing ADOS‐2 algorithm. We found two clusters of AN participants; one representing normal social behaviour, comprising 68% of the individuals with AN, and one representing less efficient social behaviour, comprising 32% of individuals with AN. Conclusions The items comprising the social affective cluster of the existing ADOS‐2 algorithm are well suited to assess difficulties with social functioning in individuals with AN.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Patterns in individuals with anorexia nervosa

Bentz

Westwood

Jepsen

et al. 2020

Euro Eating Disorders Rev

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“…Considerable neurocognitive heterogeneity may exist within adolescents and adults with AN, both within and across the age groups. A cluster analysis in children and adolescents with AN reported three distinct clusters of neurocognitive profiles [ 24 ]. A cluster analysis in adults with AN also documented distinct subgroups, one of which displayed co-occurrence of neurocognitive and social-cognitive impairment [ 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurocognitive functions and social functioning in young females with recent-onset anorexia nervosa and recovered individuals

et al. 2017

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BackgroundYoung individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) or recovered from AN display impairments of social function. To date, however, it is not clear whether they differ from controls with respect to neurocognitive performance and whether those functions contribute to the compromised social function observed in individuals with AN.MethodsWe included 43 young females with first-episode AN, 28 individuals recovered from adolescent-onset AN, and 41 control individuals (14–22 yr), all without comorbid autism spectrum disorder. We compared the performance of participants across groups in seven neurocognitive functions relevant to social functioning: set-shifting, local processing, processing speed, working memory, sustained attention, verbal memory, and verbal abstraction. Further, we tested the association between neurocognitive function and social function, measured by Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS), with an ordinal logistic regression model.ResultsFirst, participants did not differ on any neurocognitive function across groups. Second, only the neurocognitive function “verbal memory” was significantly associated with social function. Higher performance in verbal memory was associated with lower odds of impaired social function. Diagnostic group remained a significant factor, but the absence of an interaction between group and neurocognitive performance indicated that the association between verbal memory and social function was independent of group membership.ConclusionYoung individuals with AN and those recovered from AN did not differ from controls with respect to neurocognitive performance. Verbal memory was associated with social function in all groups.

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“…49 Three to four clusters were identified in each study, and when most identified the previously described intact and globally impaired subgroups, 43,48,49 there was some variability in the intermediate subgroups. The intermediate group was characterized by a moderate level of impairment in bipolar disorder, 43 a verbal/visual discrepancy in anorexia nervosa, 48 and by both an organization deficit group and memory/inhibition deficit group in hospitalized children with affective or psychotic disorders. 49 Studies on ADHD and learning disorders obtained more specific findings secondary to a narrowed neurocognitive focus.…”

Section: Youth-young Adultmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…41 Across studies, these subgroups were associated with estimates of premorbid intelligence, 40,42,44 symptomatology, [40][41][42] years of education, 40 and overall sociooccupational functioning. 42,44 Six additional studies have been conducted in children and adolescents with ADHD, 45,46 learning disorders, 47 bipolar disorder, 43 anorexia nervosa, 48 and affective/psychotic disorders. 49 Three to four clusters were identified in each study, and when most identified the previously described intact and globally impaired subgroups, 43,48,49 there was some variability in the intermediate subgroups.…”

Section: Youth-young Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…42,44 Six additional studies have been conducted in children and adolescents with ADHD, 45,46 learning disorders, 47 bipolar disorder, 43 anorexia nervosa, 48 and affective/psychotic disorders. 49 Three to four clusters were identified in each study, and when most identified the previously described intact and globally impaired subgroups, 43,48,49 there was some variability in the intermediate subgroups. The intermediate group was characterized by a moderate level of impairment in bipolar disorder, 43 a verbal/visual discrepancy in anorexia nervosa, 48 and by both an organization deficit group and memory/inhibition deficit group in hospitalized children with affective or psychotic disorders.…”

Section: Youth-young Adultmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Neurocognitive heterogeneity across the spectrum of psychopathology: need for improved approaches to deficit detection and intervention

2019

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Neurocognition is one of the strongest predictors of clinical and functional outcomes across the spectrum of psychopathology, yet there remains a dearth of unified neurocognitive nosology and available neurocognition-targeted interventions. Neurocognitive deficits manifest in a transdiagnostic manner, with no psychiatric disorder uniquely affiliated with one specific deficit. In fact, recent research has identified that essentially all investigated disorders are comprised of 3–4 neurocognitive profiles. This within-disorder neurocognitive heterogeneity has hampered the development of novel, neurocognition-targeted interventions, as only a portion of patients with any given disorder possess neurocognitive deficits that would warrant neurocognitive intervention. The development of criteria and terminology to characterize these neurocognitive deficit syndromes would provide clinicians with the opportunity to more systematically identify and treat their patients and provide researchers the opportunity to develop neurocognition-targeted interventions for patients. This perspective will summarize recent work and discuss possible approaches for neurocognition-focused diagnosis and treatment in psychiatry.

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Similarities and Differences of Neuropsychological Profiles in Children and Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa and Healthy Controls Using Cluster and Discriminant Function Analyses

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Patterns in individuals with anorexia nervosa

The autism diagnostic observation schedule: Patterns in individuals with anorexia nervosa

Neurocognitive functions and social functioning in young females with recent-onset anorexia nervosa and recovered individuals

Neurocognitive heterogeneity across the spectrum of psychopathology: need for improved approaches to deficit detection and intervention

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