Similarities and Differences between Silver Ions and Silver in Nanoforms as Antibacterial Agents

Kędziora, Anna; Speruda, Mateusz; Krzyżewska, Eva; Rybka, Jacek; Łukowiak, Anna; Bugla-Płoskońska, Gabriela

doi:10.3390/ijms19020444

Cited by 355 publications

(311 citation statements)

References 84 publications

(185 reference statements)

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“…However, most Ag + released from the NPs will not remain freely dissolved in the cell culture medium, due to the high ionic strength of cell culture media and presence of halides (0.12 M total dissolved Cl [66]), amino acids and proteins. Unbound Ag + will precipitate as AgCl and Ag 2 S [62,65] or bind to proteins due to high affinity to thiol groups (SH-groups) [67]. Precipitation was observed when preparing AgNO 3 , and a substantial part of the AgNO 3 solution was most likely precipitated AgCl (K SP 1.77 × 10 −10 M 2 [68]) and not freely dissolved Ag + ions [69,70].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepato(Geno)Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles in a HepG2 Liver Spheroid Model

et al. 2020

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1) In compliance with the 3Rs policy to reduce, refine and replace animal experiments, the development of advanced in vitro models is needed for nanotoxicity assessment. Cells cultivated in 3D resemble organ structures better than 2D cultures. This study aims to compare cytotoxic and genotoxic responses induced by titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ), silver (Ag) and zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles (NPs) in 2D monolayer and 3D spheroid cultures of HepG2 human liver cells. (2) NPs were characterized by electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering, laser Doppler anemometry, UV-vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Cytotoxicity was investigated by the alamarBlue assay and confocal microscopy in HepG2 monolayer and spheroid cultures after 24 h of NP exposure. DNA damage (strand breaks and oxidized base lesions) was measured by the comet assay. (3) Ag-NPs were aggregated at 24 h, and a substantial part of the ZnO-NPs was dissolved in culture medium. Ag-NPs induced stronger cytotoxicity in 2D cultures (EC 50 3.8 µg/cm 2 ) than in 3D cultures (EC 50 > 30 µg/cm 2 ), and ZnO-NPs induced cytotoxicity to a similar extent in both models (EC 50 10.1-16.2 µg/cm 2 ). Agand ZnO-NPs showed a concentration-dependent genotoxic effect, but the effect was not statistically significant. TiO 2 -NPs showed no toxicity (EC 50 > 75 µg/cm 2 ). (4) This study shows that the HepG2 spheroid model is a promising advanced in vitro model for toxicity assessment of NPs.Nanomaterials 2020, 10, 545 2 of 21 and silver (Ag) is used as a disinfection agent in medical equipment and consumer products, on account of its antimicrobial activity [5]. Thus, humans are likely to be exposed to NPs, either intentionally or accidentally, during production and usage [6]. Transport of NPs across biological barriers has been observed by elemental analysis in both rodents and humans [7][8][9][10][11]. As an example, gold NPs have been reported to reach the systemic circulation in humans, after inhalation, and translocate to other organs [8,9].Several in vivo studies show that NPs accumulate in the liver, which is an important target organ for NPs and other xenobiotics due to its metabolic activity [12][13][14][15][16][17][18]. Induction of hepatotoxicity is one of the most common reasons for a medicine to be rejected or removed from the market [19,20]. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive hepatotoxicity screening methods for drug development and hazard assessment of chemicals or new materials, such as NPs. When considering the 3Rs-replacement, reduction and refinement-to minimize the use of animal experiments, hepatotoxicity should be assessed by reliable in vitro models. A great advantage of in vitro hepatocellular models for studying hepatotoxicity is the possibility of using human cells, either as primary cells or cell lines. The use of human hepatocyte cell lines, such as HepG2, C3A, Huh7 and HepaRG, has many advantages compared to primary cells. They are relatively easy to culture and have an unlimited life span, a relatively stable phenotype, high availability and ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepato(Geno)Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles in a HepG2 Liver Spheroid Model

et al. 2020

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“…Finally, there is no previous report using the silver nanoparticles formulation Argovit™ for a wound dressings system prepared with a composite electrospun microfiber. However, this AgNP formulation has been effective in the rapid healing of diabetic wounds [107][108][109]. Several authors propose that AgNPs' mechanism of action based on the release of silver ions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Fibers and Sorbents as a Possible Basis for Effective Composite Wound Dressings

et al. 2020

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Skin burns and ulcers are considered hard-to-heal wounds due to their high infection risk. For this reason, designing new options for wound dressings is a growing need. The objective of this work is to investigate the properties of poly (ε-caprolactone)/poly (vinyl-pyrrolidone) (PCL/PVP) microfibers produced via electrospinning along with sorbents loaded with Argovit™ silver nanoparticles (Ag-Si/Al2O3) as constituent components for composite wound dressings. The physicochemical properties of the fibers and sorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES). The mechanical properties of the fibers were also evaluated. The results of this work showed that the tested fibrous scaffolds have melting temperatures suitable for wound dressings design (58–60 °C). In addition, they demonstrated to be stable even after seven days in physiological solution, showing no macroscopic damage due to PVP release at the microscopic scale. Pelletized sorbents with the higher particle size demonstrated to have the best water uptake capabilities. Both, fibers and sorbents showed antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomona aeruginosa and Escherichia coli, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and the fungus Candida albicans. The best physicochemical properties were obtained with a scaffold produced with a PCL/PVP ratio of 85:15, this polymeric scaffold demonstrated the most antimicrobial activity without affecting the cell viability of human fibroblast. Pelletized Ag/Si-Al2O3-3 sorbent possessed the best water uptake capability and the higher antimicrobial activity, over time between all the sorbents tested. The combination of PCL/PVP 85:15 microfibers with the chosen Ag/Si-Al2O3-3 sorbent will be used in the following work for creation of wound dressings possessing exudate retention, biocompatibility and antimicrobial activity.

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“…Nanoparticles have become popular as a drug delivery system since they improve bioavailability by enhancing solubility, stability, and biodistribution [88]. Nanoparticles have been used to deliver metals including silver [51,85,[89][90][91], gold [92], copper [93][94][95], and zinc [96]. These metal nanoparticles in the context of urinary catheters will be discussed below.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, to their toxicity to the host, silver ions irreversibly bind to proteins or molecules, decreasing their antimicrobial activity [89]. However, despite their shortfalls, silver has been incorporated into nanoparticles to overcome some of the negative effects and shown almost identical mechanisms of action [89,90]. Roe and collaborators showed that silver nanoparticles-coated plastic catheters reduce biofilm formation and growth of several pathogens including E. coli, Enterococcus spp.…”

Section: Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinary Catheter Coating Modifications: The Race against Catheter-Associated Infections

Andersen

Flores-Mireles

2019

Coatings

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Urinary catheters are common medical devices, whose main function is to drain the bladder. Although they improve patients' quality of life, catheter placement predisposes the patient to develop a catheter-associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI). The catheter is used by pathogens as a platform for colonization and biofilm formation, leading to bacteriuria and increasing the risk of developing secondary bloodstream infections. In an effort to prevent microbial colonization, several catheter modifications have been made ranging from introduction of antimicrobial compounds to antifouling coatings. In this review, we discuss the effectiveness of different coatings in preventing catheter colonization in vitro and in vivo, the challenges in fighting CAUTIs, and novel approaches targeting host-catheter-microbe interactions.

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Similarities and Differences between Silver Ions and Silver in Nanoforms as Antibacterial Agents

Cited by 355 publications

References 84 publications

Hepato(Geno)Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles in a HepG2 Liver Spheroid Model

Hepato(Geno)Toxicity Assessment of Nanoparticles in a HepG2 Liver Spheroid Model

Electrospun Fibers and Sorbents as a Possible Basis for Effective Composite Wound Dressings

Urinary Catheter Coating Modifications: The Race against Catheter-Associated Infections

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