Similarities and Differences between Extrathymic T Cells Residing in Mouse Liver and Intestine

Ohtsuka, Kazuo; Iiai, Tsuneo; Watanabe, Hirotaka; Tanaka, Toshiyuki; Miyasaka, Masayuki; Sato, Kazunari; Asakura, Hitoshi; Abo, Toru

doi:10.1006/cimm.1994.1005

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…Based on CD4 and CD8 expression patterns, SG T cell populations differed from extrathymic intestinal and liver populations. Extrathymically developed T cells in the intestine are mainly CD8 ϩ or CD4 ϩ /CD8 ϩ (12,25,27,32), whereas those in the liver are either CD4 ϩ or CD4 12). The majority of PG T cells were CD4 or CD8 single positive, and only small percentages were CD4…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Both populations contain autoreactive cells because they have not undergone negative selection in the thymus, but exhibit poor responses to T cell mitogens (12). Extrathymic populations have phenotypic properties of activated T cells, constitutively expressing high levels of LFA-1 and IL-2R␤ as well as B220 (13), a unique expression of adhesion molecules and several NK markers (12).…”

Section: S Alivary Glands (Sg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Lymphocyte Lineages at Mucosal Effector Sites: Rat Salivary Glands

O’Sullivan

Skandera

Montgomery

2001

The Journal of Immunology

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Development of T cell lineages and the role of the thymus as a source of immature T cells in parotid (PG) and submandibular salivary glands (SMG) were studied in Fischer 344 rats using the Thy-1/CD45RC/RT6 expression model. In addition, the phenotypes of salivary gland lymphocytes were compared with other conventional and extrathymic populations. PG mononuclear cells consisted of T cells (38%), B cells (29%), and NK cells (4%). SMG had 19% T cells, 7% B cells, 37% NK cells, and an unusual population of CD3−/RT6+ cells. In comparison with lymph node (LN), both PG and SMG were enriched in immature (Thy-1+) and activated (Thy-1−/CD45RC−/RT6−) T cells. Unchanged percentages of Thy-1+ T cells in PG and SMG following short-term adult thymectomy indicated that immature salivary gland T cells had an extrathymic source. In contrast, thymectomy eliminated LN recent thymic emigrants. SMG had T cells with characteristics of extrathymic populations, expressing TCRγδ+ (28%), the CD8αα homodimer (11%), and NKR-P1A (66%). Many SMG T cells expressed integrin αEβ7. PG T cells resembled those isolated from LN in respect to TCR and CD8 isoform usage, but were enriched in αEβ7+ T cells and in NKT cells. Thus, salivary gland mononuclear cells are composed of a variety of subpopulations whose distributions differ between SMG and PG and are distinct from LN. These studies provide a basis for further investigation of regionalization in the mucosal immune network and are relevant to the design of vaccine regimens and intervention during pathological immune processes.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: S Alivary Glands (Sg)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lymphocyte Lineages at Mucosal Effector Sites: Rat Salivary Glands

O’Sullivan

Skandera

Montgomery

2001

The Journal of Immunology

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“…Usually, NK cells and CD3 int cells (including NKT cells) simultaneously increase in number with aging [40][41][42][43] and after the administration of catecholamines 20 or nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, 32 at which time the thymus becomes rather atrophic and conventional T cells decrease in number in the periphery. The phenomenon observed in this study, namely, the immunologic change after PHx, was quite similar to the previously mentioned events.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intensive expansion of natural killer T cells in the early phase of hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice and its association with sympathetic nerve activation

et al. 2000

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When C57BL/6 mice were partially hepatectomized (PHx), severe lymphocytosis was induced in the liver in the early phase of hepatocyte regeneration (4 to 12 hours after PHx). A major lymphocyte subset expanding in this organ was estimated to be natural killer 1.1 ؉ (NK1.1 ؉ ) intermediate CD3 (CD3 int ) cells (i.e., NKT cells). CD3 int cells are extrathymic T cells generated in situ in the liver. These changes were suppressed when mice with PHx were pretreated with a ␤ ␤-adrenergicD antagonist (i.e., ␤ ␤-blocker), propranolol (PPL). This might have been caused by sympathetic nerve stimulation during hepatocyte regeneration. An ␣ ␣-blocker showed a similar effect, although the magnitude of suppression was lower than that of the ␤ ␤-blocker. We previously showed that NK and NKT cells express surface ␤ ␤-adrenergic receptors and are activated in number by sympathetic nerve stimulation. In the present study, NK cytotoxicity mediated by liver lymphocytes obtained from mice with PHx decreased, whereas NKT cytotoxicity against syngeneic thymocytes increased. Purified CD3 int cells were also found to be able to mediate NKT cytotoxicity against regenerating hepatocytes. These results suggest that sympathetic nerve stimulation after PHx results in subsequent activation of NKT cells and that these NKT cells might be associated with immunologic surveillance during hepatocyte regeneration. (HEPATOLOGY 2000;31:907-915.)In a series of recent studies, we showed that extrathymically generated T cells (i.e., extrathymic T cells) are present in the liver.

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“…These cells exhibit unusual properties because they express the NK1.1 marker (NK1.1 ϩ ), lower levels of TCRs (TCR int ) than conventional T cells, and a variety of NK cell markers, including CD16, Ly-49A, Ly-49C, and CD122 (␤-chain of the IL-2R) (21)(22)(23). Liver NK1.1 ϩ TCR␣␤ cells have a restricted usage of the TCRV␤ gene, mainly V␤2, V␤7, and V␤8.2, and a single V␣ domain V␣14 (24, 25), suggesting that these cells are selected by nonpolymorphic ligands.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is noteworthy that DN ␣␤ T cells account for a significant proportion of the T cells in other cellular compartments (34, 35), while they are rare in peripheral lymphoid organs and in the blood (23). This unusual liver T cell subset predominantly produces IL-4 (36 -39) or IFN-␥ (40), and it has been suggested that it may develop independently of the thymus (21,22,41).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Liver CD4−CD8− NK1.1+ TCRαβ Intermediate Cells Increase During Experimental Malaria Infection and Are Able to Exhibit Inhibitory Activity Against the Parasite Liver Stage In Vitro

Pied

Roland

Louise

et al. 2000

The Journal of Immunology

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Experimental infection of C57BL/6 mice by Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites induced an increase of CD4−CD8− NK1.1+ TCRαβint cells and a down-regulation of CD4+ NK1.1+ TCRαβint cells in the liver during the acute phase of the infection. These cells showed an activated CD69+, CD122+, CD44high, and CD62Lhigh surface phenotype. Analysis of the expressed TCRVβ segment repertoire revealed that most of the expanded CD4−CD8− (double-negative) T cells presented a skewed TCRVβ repertoire and preferentially used Vβ2 and Vβ7 rather than Vβ8. To get an insight into the function of expanded NK1.1+ T cells, experiments were designed in vitro to study their activity against P. yoelii liver stage development. P. yoelii-primed CD3+ NK1.1+ intrahepatic lymphocytes inhibited parasite growth within the hepatocyte. The antiplasmodial effector function of the parasite-induced NK1.1+ liver T cells was almost totally reversed with an anti-CD3 Ab. Moreover, IFN-γ was in part involved in this antiparasite activity. These results suggest that up-regulation of CD4−CD8− NK1.1+ αβ T cells and down-regulation of CD4+ NK1.1+ TCRαβint cells may contribute to the early immune response induced by the Plasmodium during the prime infection.

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Similarities and Differences between Extrathymic T Cells Residing in Mouse Liver and Intestine

Cited by 67 publications

References 0 publications

Lymphocyte Lineages at Mucosal Effector Sites: Rat Salivary Glands

Lymphocyte Lineages at Mucosal Effector Sites: Rat Salivary Glands

Intensive expansion of natural killer T cells in the early phase of hepatocyte regeneration after partial hepatectomy in mice and its association with sympathetic nerve activation

Liver CD4−CD8− NK1.1+ TCRαβ Intermediate Cells Increase During Experimental Malaria Infection and Are Able to Exhibit Inhibitory Activity Against the Parasite Liver Stage In Vitro

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