Similar Trajectory of Executive Functioning Performance over 5 years among individuals with Bipolar Disorder and Unaffected Controls using Latent Growth Modeling

Ryan, Kelly A.; Assari, Shervin; Pester, Bethany; Hinrichs, Kristin H; Angers, Kaley; Baker, Amanda; Marshall, David F.; Stringer, Deborah M.; Saunders, Erika F.H.; Kamali, Masoud; McInnis, Melvin G.; Langenecker, Scott A.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2016.04.016

Cited by 17 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…In a cross‐sectional study we conducted in 2013, using a large sample of individuals with BD, we found that those with BD performed worse than unaffected healthy controls (HCs) in four different areas of executive functioning, consistent with prior literature . In the 5‐year follow‐up of the same cohort, the linear change on measures of executive functioning among those with BD was no different from the change for HCs .…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

“…We extend our prior work by now investigating other areas of cognition commonly known to be deficient in BD, notably the areas of memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity. These cognitive areas, particularly memory, may be more appropriate to examine in order to determine disease‐related progressive change, as one longitudinal study found that memory was the only cognitive area subject to change over time in BD .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

“…Notably, there was no significant difference between these participants’ baseline and 5‐year neuropsychological scores. Specific comparisons between those with BD and HCs who completed or did not complete the 5‐year follow‐up testing are presented in our prior work . Overall there were no differences between the “completers” and “non‐completers” in terms of clinical status and clinical variables.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…Consistent with our prior findings and those of others, we hypothesized that memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity would be systematically worse in the BD group as compared to the HC group at baseline (study entry). Further, based on similar trajectories of executive functioning across 5 years in this sample, we expected there would be similar linear changes in memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity over 5 years, indicating that these cognitive deficits in BD are likely not age‐accelerated, age‐compounded, or neurodegenerative …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Therefore, our main objective was to examine the longitudinal trajectory of verbal and visual memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity over 5 years in a large sample of individuals with BD who were being followed in the Prechter Longitudinal Study of BD . Similar to our prior work, we used a statistical approach, latent growth curve modeling (LGCM), that offers many advantages over traditional methods for longitudinal analyses in that it can examine nonlinear relationships in cognitive change, correlate measurement errors related to each cognitive variable over time, correlate trajectories with each other, and account for any missing data. Consistent with our prior findings and those of others, we hypothesized that memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity would be systematically worse in the BD group as compared to the HC group at baseline (study entry).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Equivalent linear change in cognition between individuals with bipolar disorder and healthy controls over 5 years

et al. 2017

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Objectives Cognitive dysfunction is a key feature of bipolar disorder (BD). However, not much is known about its temporal stability, as some studies have demonstrated a neurodegenerative model in BD while others have shown no change in cognitive functioning over time. Building upon our prior work which examined the natural course of executive functioning, the current study aimed to investigate the natural course of memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity over a five year period in BD and healthy control (HC) samples. Methods Using a five-year longitudinal cohort, 90 individuals with BD and 17 HCs were administered a battery of neuropsychological tests at study baseline, 1 year, and 5 years after study entry that captured four areas of cognitive performance: visual memory, auditory memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity. Results Latent Growth Curve Modeling showed no group differences in the slopes of any of the cognitive factors between the BD and HC groups. Age at baseline was negatively associated with visual memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity. Education level was positively associated with auditory and visual memory and fine motor. Female gender was negatively associated with emotion processing. Conclusions Extending our prior work on longitudinal evaluation of executive functioning, individuals with BD show similar linear change in others areas of cognitive functioning including memory, emotion processing, and fine motor dexterity as compared to unaffected, healthy controls. Age, education, and gender may have some differential effects on cognitive changes.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 85%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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