Similar effects of leucine rich and regular dairy products on muscle mass and functions of older polymyalgia rheumatica patients: A randomized crossover trial

Björkman, Mikko; Pilvi, Taru K.; Kekkonen, Riina A.; Korpela, Riitta; Tilvis, Reijo S.

doi:10.1007/s12603-010-0276-6

Cited by 25 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The electronic search strategy yielded 868 articles, 43 of which were selected, on the basis of title and abstract, for further assessment/detailed review. Ultimately, 35 studies [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41]42,43,44,45,46 met inclusion criteria for this systematic review (Figure 1). Agreement between the 2 reviewers was 96.6% and 100% for the first and second steps of article selection, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Table 1 shows the study design characteristics of included articles. Twelve of the included studies are randomized drug trials, controlled against either placebo or conventional PMR treatment [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]22,23 . Three are nonrandomized interventional studies or ones without clear information about randomization 24,25,26 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 25 , and 3 RCT 21,22,23 . In all studies, function was assessed through the generic Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) 51 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Upper limb elevation was measured on a 0-3 scale with the following levels: 3 = no upper limb elevation; 2 = elevation below shoulder level (< 90º); 1 = elevation at shoulder level (90º); and 0 = elevation above shoulder level (> 90º). Muscle function 23 (hand grip strength and jump test), chair stand test 23 , 10-meter walking 23 , and time to onset of fatigue (hours) 13 were used as outcomes in a single study each. Intensity of fatigue reported by the patient, using 0-100 mm VAS, was assessed in a single study 44 .…”

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confidence: 99%

“…ESR and CRP. ESR 12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,21,22,24,25,26,27,28,30,31,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,43,44,45,46 and CRP 12,13,15,17,19,21,23,24,25,26,28,30,31,33,34,35,36,37,38,40,43,44,45,46 were used in the assessment of disease activity by ...…”

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confidence: 99%

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Outcome Measures in Polymyalgia Rheumatica. A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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Objective.To identify the instruments used to assess polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) in published studies.Methods.A systematic literature review of clinical trials and longitudinal observational studies related to PMR, published from 1970 to 2014, was carried out. All outcome and assessment instruments were extracted and categorized according to core areas and domains, as defined by the OMERACT (Outcome Measures in Rheumatology) Filter 2.0.Results.Thirty-five articles (3221 patients) were included: 12 randomized controlled trials (RCT); 3 nonrandomized trials; and 20 observational studies. More than 20 domains were identified, measured by 29 different instruments. The most frequently used measures were pain, morning stiffness, patient global assessment and physician global assessment, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein. The definition of outcomes varied considerably between studies.Conclusion.The outcome measures and instruments used in PMR are numerous and diversely defined. The establishment of a core set of validated and standardized outcome measurements is needed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 25 , and 3 RCT 21,22,23 . In all studies, function was assessed through the generic Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) 51 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Outcome Measures in Polymyalgia Rheumatica. A Systematic Review

et al. 2015

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Muscle atrophy as pre-sarcopenia in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease: computed tomography is useful for evaluation

et al. 2015

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Background/AimThe definition of muscle atrophy (pre-sarcopenia) and its diagnostic criteria have not been well reported. To elucidate the frequency of pre-sarcopenia in chronic liver disease (CLD), we examined clinical features of Japanese CLD patients using abdominal computed tomography (CT) findings.MethodsWe enrolled 988 CLD (736 with naïve hepatocellular carcinoma) and 372 normal control subjects (NCs). The psoas muscle area index [PI, psoas muscle area at the mid-L3 level in CT (cm2)/height (m)2] was calculated using personal computer software. The cut-off level for pre-sarcopenia was defined as less than two standard deviations (SDs) below the mean PI value in the NCs under 55 years old [males, 45.6 ± 5.7 years (n = 61), 4.24 cm2/m2; females, 47.0 ± 6.1 years (n = 49), 2.50 cm2/m2]. Elderly was defined as 65 years or older. Clinical features were retrospectively evaluated.ResultsIn the CLD group (HCV:HBV:HBV and HCV:alcohol:non-HBV and HCV = 652:88:7:82:159), pre-sarcopenia was observed in 15.3 % of patients with chronic hepatitis (CH), 24.4 % of those with liver cirrhosis (LC) Child-Pugh A, 37.7 % of those with LC Child-Pugh B, and 37.1 % of those with LC Child-Pugh C. A comparison between NC and CH by age (<55, 55–64, 65–74, ≥75 years) showed that the frequency of pre-sarcopenia was higher in CH regardless of age (1.8 vs. 3.6 %, 3.2 vs. 15.9 %, 4.9 vs. 13.4 %, 14.3 vs. 20.2 %, respectively). PI values showed correlations with BMI (r = 0.361), age (r = −0.167), albumin (r = 0.115), and branched-chain amino acids (r = 0.199) (P < 0.01).ConclusionRetrospective evaluate for pre-sarcopenia was easy to perform with CT findings. Nutrition and exercise instruction should be considered for early stage and even non-elderly CLD as well as LC.

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Impact of leucine on energy balance

et al. 2012

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Body weight is determined by the balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the surplus energy is stored as fat in the adipose tissue, which causes its expansion and may even lead to the development of obesity. Thus, there is a growing interest to develop dietary interventions that could reduce the current obesity epidemic. In this regard, data from a number of in vivo and in vitro studies suggest that the branched-chain amino acid leucine influences energy balance. However, this has not been consistently reported. Here, we review the literature related to the effects of leucine on energy intake, energy expenditure and lipid metabolism as well as its effects on the cellular activity in the brain (hypothalamus) and in peripheral tissues (gastro-intestinal tract, adipose tissue, liver and muscle) regulating the above physiological processes. Moreover, we discuss how obesity may influence the actions of this amino acid.

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Similar effects of leucine rich and regular dairy products on muscle mass and functions of older polymyalgia rheumatica patients: A randomized crossover trial

Cited by 25 publications

References 39 publications

Outcome Measures in Polymyalgia Rheumatica. A Systematic Review

Outcome Measures in Polymyalgia Rheumatica. A Systematic Review

Muscle atrophy as pre-sarcopenia in Japanese patients with chronic liver disease: computed tomography is useful for evaluation

Impact of leucine on energy balance

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