Simian Malaria Parasites of Ceylon

As, Dissanaike

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-2913-3.50186-6

Cited by 15 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…Hemoparasites alter normal hemograms in mammals [Jain, 1986]. Four species of Plasmodium have been recorded in the wild macaques of Sri Lanka [Dissanaike, 1965;Fooden, 1994]. However, this parasite was not detected in blood smears at Polonnaruwa, and studies of other macaque species indicate the development of resistance, as characterized by very low levels of parasitemia to locality-specific species of Plasmodium [Fooden, 1994].…”

Section: Leukocyte Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology of a natural population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Ekanayake

Horadagoda

Sanjeevani

et al. 2003

American J Primatol

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Hematological studies were conducted in three wild groups of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) inhabiting the Polonnaruwa Sanctuary in northeastern Sri Lanka. The macaques were temporarily trapped and anesthetized, and femoral blood was drawn from 35 males and 37 females (age range: 0.33-24.5 yr). Statistically significant (P<0.05) differences were observed by sex for total plasma proteins (PP), and by age for red blood cell (RBC) counts, hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular Hb (MCH), mean corpuscular Hb concentration (MCHC), PP, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), differential and absolute neutrophil counts, differential lymphocyte counts, and absolute eosinophil counts. In general, the results were similar to those reported for other species of colony-bred and free-ranging macaques. However, there also were differences. First, in contrast to earlier studies of nonhuman primates, we examined the hematology of infants. Compared to other age classes, infants (<1 yr old) had lower RBC, Hb, MCHC, and ESR values, and a higher MCV. These findings were similar to those obtained in human infants. Second, we observed variations in hematology among social groups in relation to their ecology. Two groups (IH3 and M3) had ready access to water throughout the dry season (the period of sampling), whereas the third group (J) did not. The Hb, RBC, and PP values obtained in groups IH3 and M3 were similar to those reported in other macaque species. However, these parameters in group J were significantly (P<0.01) higher, which suggests that this group (representing about 26% of the sample) had been dehydrated during the dry season. Finally, two indices indicative of injury and infection--the ESR and leukocyte counts--were higher in the wild toque macaques than has been reported for other species of macaques held in captivity, and about 15% of the toque macaques sampled had extreme outlier values for these parameters; however, none were visibly ill or died. These results suggest that wild toque macaques are subject to a wide array of physical and biological insults that are unique to natural populations.

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Section: Leukocyte Countsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hematology of a natural population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Ekanayake

Horadagoda

Sanjeevani

et al. 2003

American J Primatol

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“…M. sinica sinica, M. sinica aurifrons, and M. sinica opisthomelas are found in dry zone, wet zone and highlands of Sri Lanka, respectively. These macaques have been studied since 1960s with regards to hematology (Hawkey et al 1978;Jain 1986), pathogens, parasites and viruses (Dissanaike 1965;Dewit et al 1991). Hoelzer et al (1994) identified highly diverged mitochondrial DNA haplotypes in M. sinica.…”

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Exome sequences of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) of Sri Lanka reveal many amino acid changes

Hettiarachchi

Osada

Nakaoka

et al. 2019

Preprint

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Macaques are one of the most widely used model organisms in biomedical research. Macaca mulatta and M. fascicularis are currently being used for toxicology, HIV, diabetes, neuroscience and psychiatric and psychological disorder researches. Many studies have been conducted on M. mulatta and M. fascicularis genomes for this purpose in order to understand the genomic properties of these species. Several M. fascicularis individuals from different geographical locations and also M. mulatta genomes have been sequenced and studied in depth for the purpose of understanding the phylogenetic and evolutionary relationships between various macaque populations. But still a gap in knowledge remains for other macaque populations such as the Sinica group. In this study for the very first time, we sequenced the exome of toque macaques (M. sinica), an endemic island population of Sri Lanka. Here we confirmed that M. sinica and M.thibetana cluster together and are closely related, also the three distinct phylogenetic groupings of fascicularis and sinica. We also found that M. sinica has less number of polymorphisms with respect to the reference genome M. mulatta signifying the smaller and restricted population size of this species.

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“…Unlike the CS protein of P. vivax, which has either a GDRADGQPA (type 1) or an ANGAGNQPG (type 2) nanomer repeat sequence (1,8,12), the CS protein of the P. vivax-like malaria parasite has 16 copies of 11-mer repeats with the sequence APGANQEG GAA (10). The CS protein repeat of this P. vivax-like malaria parasite is identical to that of P. simiovale, a monkey malaria parasite that bears morphologic similarities to P. ovale (5). Our studies have revealed that this parasite is widely distributed in different regions of the world such as Papua New Guinea, Brazil, Madagascar, and Indonesia (11).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…It is also possible that P. vivax-like parasites could have arisen by a recombinant event resulting from a dual infection with both P. simiovale and P. vivax gametocytes in the same mosquito. Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles vagus are known vectors for P. vivax, and these vectors have been found in one of the enzootic foci in Sri Lanka, where P. simiovale was originally isolated (5). Although one of these vectors, A. maculatus, can be experimentally infected with P. simiovale, its ability to transmit this parasite under natural conditions has not been proven (3,5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Anopheles maculatus and Anopheles vagus are known vectors for P. vivax, and these vectors have been found in one of the enzootic foci in Sri Lanka, where P. simiovale was originally isolated (5). Although one of these vectors, A. maculatus, can be experimentally infected with P. simiovale, its ability to transmit this parasite under natural conditions has not been proven (3,5). These issues will be resolved when the molecular structures of P. simiovale and P. vivax-like parasites are analyzed and the immunologic nature of the antigens is determined.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein repeats of a Plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite and Plasmodium simiovale

et al. 1994

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We have recently described a Plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite. The circumsporozoite protein of this parasite is identical to that of a simian malaria parasite, P. simiovale, but different from two known types of P. vivax. Here, we describe the production of two monoclonal antibodies, Pam 172 and Pam 135, specific for the circumsporozoite protein repeat sequence APGANQEGGAA of the P. vivax-like malaria parasite. These two monoclonal antibodies recognized air-dried sporozoites of P. simiovale but not other human, simian, or rodent malaria parasites tested.

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Simian Malaria Parasites of Ceylon

Cited by 15 publications

References 1 publication

Hematology of a natural population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Hematology of a natural population of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) at polonnaruwa, Sri Lanka

Exome sequences of toque macaques (Macaca sinica) of Sri Lanka reveal many amino acid changes

Monoclonal antibodies to the circumsporozoite protein repeats of a Plasmodium vivax-like human malaria parasite and Plasmodium simiovale

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