Simian adenoviruses: Molecular and serological survey in monkeys and humans in Thailand

Kosoltanapiwat, Nathamon; Tongshoob, Jarinee; Ampawong, Sumate; Reamtong, Onrapak; Prasittichai, Luxsana; Yindee, Marnoch; Tongthainan, Daraka; Tulayakul, Phitsanu; Boonnak, Kobporn

doi:10.1016/j.onehlt.2022.100434

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The pathogenic potential of SAdV-F in NHPs (and humans) remains to be elucidated [ 17 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 ], whilst HAdV-F (HAdV-40 and -41) has been recognized as one of the leading global causes of viral diarrhea and deaths in young of humans, and HAdV-F-41 has been associated with severe pediatric hepatitis [ 51 ]. Therefore, (i) the present findings, (ii) several other observations that support zoonotic and anthroponotic transmission of SAdVs and HAdVs [ 3 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ], and (iii) the threat of possible emergence of novel, virulent pathogens derived from recombination events involving HAdVs and SAdVs [ 3 , 14 , 15 , 22 , 52 ], underscore the importance of One-Health-based studies aimed at detection and molecular characterization of AdVs circulating in human and NHP populations, with implications on public health and animal health.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…All the AdV positive AGMs were apparently healthy at the time of sampling. In the present study, all the AGM samples from St. Ki s were screened by a pol-base nested PCR assay that has been used to detect AdVs in NHPs [23,25,38]. A total of 28 sam ples (9 fecal, 9 nasal and 10 rectal samples) tested positive for AdVs using the pol PC assay.…”

Section: Detection Of Advs In Agmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the other hand, the intermingled phylogenetic clustering patterns of SAdVs and HAdVs underscore the significant zoonotic and anthroponotic potential of AdVs, which in conjunction with the (i) wide distribution of AdVs in NHP and human populations, (ii) increased exposure of humans to NHPs and vice versa due to anthropogenic events, and (iii) evidence for recombination events between HAdVs and SAdVs (that might result in emergence of novel, more virulent AdV strains) raises public health concerns [ 1 , 3 , 9 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 22 ]. To date, there are several examples, supported by genomic, serological, and/or clinical evidence, that indicate possible AdV cross-species transmission events between humans and NHPs, including a single instance of human-to-human transmission of NHP-derived AdVs [ 3 , 9 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

Mancuso

Gainor

Dore

et al. 2023

Viruses

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In the present study, 31 samples (12 fecal, 9 nasal and 10 rectal swabs) from 28/92 (30.43%, 10 captive and 18 free-roaming African green monkeys (AGMs, Chlorocebus sabaeus)) apparently healthy AGMs in the Caribbean Island of St. Kitts tested positive for adenoviruses (AdVs) by DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (pol)-, or hexon-based screening PCR assays. Based on analysis of partial deduced amino acid sequences of Pol- and hexon- of nine AGM AdVs, at least two AdV genetic variants (group-I: seven AdVs with a Simian mastadenovirus-F (SAdV-F)/SAdV-18-like Pol and hexon, and group-II: two AdVs with a SAdV-F/SAdV-18-like Pol and a Human mastadenovirus-F (HAdV-F)/HAdV-40-like hexon) were identified, which was corroborated by analysis of the nearly complete putative Pol, complete hexon, and partial penton base sequences of a representative group-I (strain KNA-08975), and -II (KNA-S6) AdV. SAdV-F-like AdVs were reported for the first time in free-roaming non-human primates (NHPs) and after ~six decades from captive NHPs. Molecular characterization of KNA-S6 (and the other group-II AdV) indicated possible recombination and cross-species transmission events involving SAdV-F-like and HAdV-F-like viruses, corroborating the hypothesis that the evolutionary pathways of HAdVs and SAdVs are intermingled, complicated by recombination and inter-species transmission events, especially between related AdV species, such as HAdV-F and SAdV-F. To our knowledge, this is the first report on detection and molecular characterization of AdVs in AGMs.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Detection Of Advs In Agmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

Mancuso

Gainor

Dore

et al. 2023

Viruses

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“…No serum had a neutralization titer higher than 64. It should be noted that no serum showed strong seropositivity against GZ3-12 as judged by serum neutralizing antibody titers: negative (<1:18), low (1:18 to 1:200), moderate (1:200 to 1:1,000), and high (>1:1,000) ( 61 , 64 ). There were no significant differences in the SAdV-seropositive rates by gender ( χ 2 -test, P value = 0.885): 9.4% for males and 10.7% for females.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…CPE-based microneutralization (NT) assays were performed using HEK293 cells on 96-well microtiter plates as previously described ( 46 , 61 ). Briefly, the cells were seeded 1 day before infection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation of novel simian adenoviruses from macaques for development of a vector for human gene therapy and vaccines

Lan,

Quan,

et al. 2023

J Virol

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Both human and non-human simian adenoviruses (HAdVs and SAdVs, respectively) have been used as gene therapy and vaccine vectors. The high prevalence of HAdVs and the neutralizing antibodies associated with prior infection, may limit HAdV-based vector use in human subjects. To overcome this drawback, a vector derived from a newly isolated and characterized macaque adenovirus was constructed. SAdVs (33.9%) were screened from 115 SAdV fecal samples collected at a zoological park. One novel SAdV was isolated and the whole genome was sequenced and analyzed. The pre-existing neutralizing antibody levels were very low against this isolate (10%). Interestingly, SAdV vector constructs that lack E3 region could not produce infectious progeny in HEK293 cells, suggesting that the E3 region is necessary for SAdV replication. The absence of E3 region could be compensated for by replacement with HAdV-5 E4orf6; the resultant construct could replicate well in HEK293 cells. The enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (eGFP) was inserted into SAdV E3 region and expressed at high level. One-step growth curve showed that the replication of the SAdVs with HAdV-5 E4orf6 substitution and E1/E3 deletion was similar to that of wild-type SAdVs in HEK293 cells, but the modified SAdVs were replication-deficient in A549 cells which lack HAdV-5 E1A and E1B. Finally, we demonstrated that GZ3-12 could infect cells expressing hCAR or hDSG2 receptors. The successful isolation, characterization, and modification of novel SAdVs provide a potentially important vaccine and gene therapy candidate and a new strategy for the rapid acquisition and development of non-HAdV-based alternative vectors for human health applications. IMPORTANCE Adenoviruses are widely used in gene therapy and vaccine delivery. Due to the high prevalence of human adenoviruses (HAdVs), the pre-existing immunity against HAdVs in humans is common, which limits the wide and repetitive use of HAdV vectors. In contrast, the pre-existing immunity against simian adenoviruses (SAdVs) is low in humans. Therefore, we performed epidemiological investigations of SAdVs in simians and found that the SAdV prevalence was as high as 33.9%. The whole-genome sequencing and sequence analysis showed SAdV diversity and possible cross species transmission. One isolate with low level of pre-existing neutralizing antibodies in humans was used to construct replication-deficient SAdV vectors with E4orf6 substitution and E1/E3 deletion. Interestingly, we found that the E3 region plays a critical role in its replication in human cells, but the absence of this region could be compensated for by the E4orf6 from HAdV-5 and the E1 expression intrinsic to HEK293 cells.

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Vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease in the clinic

Goetz,

Thotathil,

Zhao

et al. 2024

Bioengineering & Transla Med

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Adjuvants, materials added to vaccines to enhance the resulting immune response, are important components of vaccination that are many times overlooked. While vaccines always include an antigen to tell the body what to vaccinate to, of equal importance the adjuvant provides the how, a significant factor in producing a complete response. The adjuvant space has been slow to develop with the first use of an adjuvant in a licensed vaccine occurring in the 1930s, and remaining the only adjuvant in licensed vaccines for the next 80 years. However, with vaccination at the forefront of protection against new and complex pathogens, it is important to consider all components when designing an effective vaccine. Here we summarize the adjuvant space in licensed vaccines as well as the novel adjuvant space in clinical trials with a specific focus on the materials utilized and their resulting impact on the immune response. We discuss five major categories of adjuvant materials: aluminum salts, nanoparticles, viral vectors, TLR agonists, and emulsions. For each category, we delve into the current clinical trials space, the impact of these materials on vaccination, as well as some of the ways in which they could be improved. Adjuvants present an exciting opportunity to improve vaccine responses and stability, this review will help inform about the current progress of this space.Translational impact statementIn the aftermath of the COVID‐19 pandemic, vaccines for infectious diseases have come into the spotlight. While antigens have always been an important focus of vaccine design, the adjuvant is a significant tool for enhancing the immune response to the vaccine that has been largely underdeveloped. This article provides a broad review of the history of adjuvants and, the current vaccine adjuvant space, and the progress seen in adjuvants in clinical trials. There is specific emphasis on the material landscape for adjuvants and their resulting mechanism of action. Looking ahead, while the novel vaccine adjuvant space features exciting new technologies and materials, there is still a need for more to meet the protective needs of new and complex pathogens.

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Simian adenoviruses: Molecular and serological survey in monkeys and humans in Thailand

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

Detection and Molecular Characterization of Adenoviruses in Captive and Free-Roaming African Green Monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus): Evidence for Possible Recombination and Cross-Species Transmission

Isolation of novel simian adenoviruses from macaques for development of a vector for human gene therapy and vaccines

Vaccine adjuvants for infectious disease in the clinic

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