Simazine and Linuron Residues in Peach Orchard Soil After Repeated Annual Applications

Marriage, P. B.; Saidak, W. J.

doi:10.4141/cjss76-016

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…In a similar study on the same soil type. Marriage & Saidak (1976) did not detect simazine below 10-15 cm following seven annual applications of 4-5 kg/ha simazine. Similarly, Ragab & Leefe (1972) found the highest residues in the 0-2-5 cm zone 15 months after application of simazine in the Somerset sandy soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…Terbacil, in all soils, was more persistent than simazine, and in the three lighter soils terbacil levels fell within the range inducing phytotoxicity in the bio-assay study. Herbicide carryover into the next year has been reported to result in phytotoxicity in sensitive species following application of 2-4-5 kg/ha terbacil or simazine, but there appears to be no increasing accumulation with consecutive annual applications (Marriage et al, 1975(Marriage et al, , 1977Marriage & Saidak, 1976;Skroch et al, 1975).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The comparative behaviour of simazine and terbacil in soils

Jensen

Kimball

1982

Weed Research

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Summary Adsorption of simazine (2‐chloro‐4,6‐bisethyl‐amino‐1,3,5‐triazine) was 2.2–4 times greater than that of terbacil (5‐chloro‐6‐methyl‐3‐t‐butyl‐uracil) in the same soils and adsorption of both herbicides was 2–4 times greater in the topsoils than subsoils. Adsorption was inversely correlated with herbicide movement in a thick‐layer chromatography system. One year after application of 3 kg/ha to field plots, simazine residues were highest near the soil surface, whereas terbacil residues increased with soil depth in the sandy and sandy loam soils. Total residues recovered from the upper 25 cm of soils was 5% or less of the simazine originally applied, and 10% or less of the applied terbacil. In an oat seedling bio‐assay, the GR50 values were generally 1.5–3 times higher for simazine than for terbacil in the same soils.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The comparative behaviour of simazine and terbacil in soils

Jensen

Kimball

1982

Weed Research

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“…Simazine at 4.5 kg/ha applied annually for 7 yr in one orchard and 9 yr in a second did not result in progressive accumulation of the herbicides (2). Less than IO~) of the anl0unt of sinlazine applied annually at 4.5 kg/ha rcnlained in the soil the year following application (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Herbicides Applied Annually for Twenty-three Years in a Deciduous Orchard

1996

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A semi- and high-density apple and peach orchard was established at Blacksburg, VA. Starting 1 yr after transplanting, tree rows were treated with paraquat, 2,4-D, or amitrole plus simazine for 4 yr. Thereafter, diuron, simazine, or terbacil was applied in conjunction with paraquat or glyphosate. During the 12th growing season, young trees planted between existing trees failed to make proper growth. Oat bioassay of soils collected from treated rows revealed that the tree row topsoil (0 to 7.5 cm) produced less oat biomass than did deeper row soils (to 30 cm) or soils of corresponding depths from adjacent non-treated tall fescue sod alleyways. Poor growth of trees may have been related to other factors (competition from older trees, drought conditions, etc.) since herbicide residues in the upper 7.5 cm would have little effect on tree roots below this depth. After 3 yr the trees developed normally. Tree rows became heavily infested with weeds 1 yr following cessation of 23 yr of consecutive herbicide treatments.

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“…Under some conditions, simazine has been shown to persist in the soil for more than one year in quantities sufficient to damage susceptible crops (Morris & Penny 1971;Ragab 1974;Sheets 1970). However, no large accumulation of residues has been found from repeated applications (Clay 1978;Marriage & Saidak 1976;Marriage et al 1975).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Persistence and mobility of simazine in some New Zealand soils

Rahman

Holland

1985

New Zealand Journal of Experimental Agriculture

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The residual activity and movement of the herbicide simazine was measured in 4 soils varying widely in their physical and chemical characteristics. The levels of simazine remaining in the soil collected from field plots were measured at regular intervals by bioassay with oats (Avena sativa L.), as well as by gas liquid chromatography. Simazine persisted at the 2 kg/ha application rate in phytotoxic amounts in the 0-10 cm depth up to 160 days and > 168 days at the 4 kg/ha rate. Samples collected from the 10-20 ern depth showed that simazine had leached in phytotoxic amounts in only one site and that much of the herbicidal activity remained in the top 10 em of all soils throughout the study. The chemical residues of simazine disappeared in accordance with first order kinetics. At 2 sites with pH 5.4-5.5, and organic carbon levels of 4.6 and 9.4%, the half-lives were 25 and 32 days respectively. Bioassays suggested that the residual activity was higher at higher pH levels and at lower organic matter levels. At the rates used for selective weed control, simazine was dissipated within 4-8 months and thus a progressive build up of residues should not occur in most New Zealand soils.

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Simazine and Linuron Residues in Peach Orchard Soil After Repeated Annual Applications

Abstract: not available

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

The comparative behaviour of simazine and terbacil in soils

The comparative behaviour of simazine and terbacil in soils

Impact of Herbicides Applied Annually for Twenty-three Years in a Deciduous Orchard

Persistence and mobility of simazine in some New Zealand soils

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