$\sim 2$ -$\mu \text{m}$  Single-Mode Laser Output in Tm<sup>3+</sup>-Doped Tellurium Germanate Double-Cladding Fiber

Gao, Song; Kuan, Pei-Wen; Liu, Xueqiang; Chen, Danping; Liao, Meisong; Hu, Lili

doi:10.1109/lpt.2015.2438077

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Based on the Beer-Lambert equation and Fuchtbauer-Ladenburg equation (Chen et al, 2007), absorption and emission cross sections of Tm 3+ : 3 H 6 ↔ 3 F 4 transition in TGB glass with 9 mol.% BaF 2 are calculated and presented in Figure 7A. The maximum absorption cross section of Tm 3+ reaches 5.3 × 10 −21 cm 2 at 1,706 nm, which is higher than that of silicate glass (1.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Li et al, 2012), fluorophosphate glass (3.0 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Li et al, 2015), tellurium germanate glass (3.2 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Gao et al, 2015) and germanate glass (4.1 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Yu et al, 2009). Moreover, corresponding maximum emission cross section is 8.8 × 10 −21 cm 2 at 1,814 nm, which is higher than that of silicate glass (3.6 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Li et al, 2012), fluorophosphate glass (5.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Li et al, 2015), tellurium germanate glass (6.8 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Gao et al, 2015), germanate glass (5.5 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Yu et al, 2009) and zinc tellurite glass (7.3 × 10 −21 cm 2 ) (Yuan and Xiao, 2018).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of BaF2 Variation on Spectroscopic Properties of Tm3+ Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Efficient 2.0 μm Laser

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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The effects of substitution of BaF2 for BaO on physical properties and 1. 8 μm emission have been systematically investigated to improve spectroscopic properties in Tm3+ doped gallium tellurite glasses for efficient 2.0 μm fiber laser. It is found that refractive index and density gradually decrease with increasing BaF2 content from 0 to 9 mol.%, due to the generation of more non-bridging oxygens. Furthermore, OH− absorption coefficient (αOH) reduces monotonically from 3.4 to 2.2 cm−1 and thus emission intensity near 1.8 μm in gallium tellurite glass with 9 mol.% BaF2 is 1.6 times as large as that without BaF2 while the lifetime becomes 1.7 times as long as the one without BaF2. Relative energy transfer mechanism is proposed. The maximum emission cross section and gain coefficient at around 1.8 μm of gallium tellurite glass containing 9 mol.% BaF2 are 8.8 × 10−21 cm2 and 3.3 cm−1, respectively. These results indicate that Tm3+ doped gallium tellurite glasses containing BaF2 appear to be an excellent host material for efficient 2.0 μm fiber laser development.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Effect of BaF2 Variation on Spectroscopic Properties of Tm3+ Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Efficient 2.0 μm Laser

Yuan

Wang

et al. 2021

Front. Chem.

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“…At present, many reports have focused on the fluorescence emission with different trivalent RE ions [7][8][9][10][11]. Meanwhile, lasers operating around 2 μm have attracted much interest due to their widespread applications in the eyesafe radars, medical diagnostics, atmospheric pollution monitoring, remote sensing, and effective pump resource for mid-infrared optical parametric oscillators [12,13]. So far, 2 μm fiber lasers have been reported with different host materials, such as tellurite [14], ZBLAN [15], silicate [16], and so on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

1.9 μm laser and visible light emissions in Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass microspheres pumped by a broadband amplified spontaneous emission source

Qin

Huang

Liao

et al. 2019

J. Opt.

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From Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped tellurite glass microspheres, simultaneous laser oscillation at 1.9 μm, and green and red fluorescence emissions with three photons upconversion luminescence were obtained. The microsphere was pumped by a low-cost 1550 nm broadband amplified spontaneous emission source instead of a bulky and expensive tunable laser. It as a non-polarized light provided a wide wavelength range and the multiple wavelengths resonant absorption was obviously observed from the transmission spectra. The use of broadband source made the entire microsphere laser more adaptively stable to withstand the vibration interference and temperature variations. The coupled threshold power was as low as 1.5 mW. It was demonstrated that the Er3+ ions acted as sensitizers to efficiently absorb the pump photons and transfer energy to Tm3+ ions. Therefore, this approach would have potential applications in optical fiber lasers, sensors and lighting devices.

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“…Furthermore, some efforts for developing germanate fiber glasses have also been made. For example, a 0.75 W laser output with a slope efficiency of 28.7% was obtained in a Tm-doped tellurium germanate glass fiber pumped by a 793 nm diode laser [11] . With an in-band pump at 1568 nm, an ∼2-μm Tmdoped fiber laser in a barium gallo-germanate glass system was demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 7.6% [12] .…”

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confidence: 99%

High-efficiency ～2 μm laser in a single-mode Tm-doped lead germanate composite fiber

Kuan¹,

Fan²,

Li³

et al. 2016

中国光学快报

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A highly Tm-doped lead germanate glass fiber is developed using the rod-in-tube method. The ∼2 μm laser beam quality of the fiber is ∼1.5. The lead germanate composite fiber jumpers are homemade for all the fiber laser investigations. When core is pumped by a 1590 nm Yb/Er fiber laser, a maximum laser output of 313 mW is achieved at a 670 mW pump power, and the corresponding slope efficiency is ∼52.8%. Moreover, by using a 2 cmlong lead germanate fiber as the gain medium, a 33 mW 1942 nm Tm laser is also demonstrated.OCIS codes: 160.5690, 160.2290, 140.3510. doi: 10.3788/COL201614.081601.Fiber lasers operating in the 2 μm eye-safe region have been studied extensively owing to their potential applications, including environmental sensing, laser radar, space communication, and efficient mid-infrared (IR) light generation [1][2][3][4][5] . In the past decade, rapid progress has been made with the development of ∼2 μm Tm-doped fiber lasers. Compared with silica glass, multicomponent glass as a fiber host has several advantages, including a lower phonon energy, resulting in a wider IR transmission range, high rare earth solubility, resulting in high gain per unit length, and a larger absorption/emission cross section, and it has attracted considerable attention [6][7][8][9] . In particular, germanate glasses, which have not only better mechanical strength and chemical durability than fluoride glasses but also higher thermal stability than tellurite glasses for output scaling, are promising materials for realizing 2 μm fiber lasers. In 2007, a 104 W ∼2 μm laser produced by a large-core-area single-mode germanate fiber was reported [10] , and it is the highest output power among various multicomponent glass fibers. Furthermore, some efforts for developing germanate fiber glasses have also been made. For example, a 0.75 W laser output with a slope efficiency of 28.7% was obtained in a Tm-doped tellurium germanate glass fiber pumped by a 793 nm diode laser [11] . With an in-band pump at 1568 nm, an ∼2-μm Tmdoped fiber laser in a barium gallo-germanate glass system was demonstrated with a slope efficiency of 7.6% [12] . In comparison, lead germanate glass systems have relatively large glass-forming regions, low softening temperatures, and good formability while maintaining high IR transmissions [13][14][15] , which make them potential candidates for mid-IR fibers. A Tm-doped lead germanate fiber laser at 1.88 μm, pumped by a 794-nm Ti:sapphire laser and with a slope efficiency of 13%, was first reported in 1992 [16] . In our previous work [17] , we demonstrated an ∼2 μm continuous-wave laser and a passively pulsed laser based on a lead germanate fiber. Commercial lead silicate glasses, which possess the appropriate thermal properties and viscosities, can be used as fiber cladding materials to reduce the cost. In these reports, the large difference between the refractive indices of the germanate glass core and the silicate glass cladding leads to a multimode laser operation. However, a single-mode fiber is needed for deve...

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$\sim 2$ -$\mu \text{m}$ Single-Mode Laser Output in Tm³⁺-Doped Tellurium Germanate Double-Cladding Fiber

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of BaF2 Variation on Spectroscopic Properties of Tm3+ Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Efficient 2.0 μm Laser

Effect of BaF2 Variation on Spectroscopic Properties of Tm3+ Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Efficient 2.0 μm Laser

1.9 μm laser and visible light emissions in Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass microspheres pumped by a broadband amplified spontaneous emission source

High-efficiency ～2 μm laser in a single-mode Tm-doped lead germanate composite fiber

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$\sim 2$ -$\mu \text{m}$ Single-Mode Laser Output in Tm3+-Doped Tellurium Germanate Double-Cladding Fiber

Cited by 10 publications

References 16 publications

Effect of BaF2 Variation on Spectroscopic Properties of Tm3+ Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Efficient 2.0 μm Laser

Effect of BaF2 Variation on Spectroscopic Properties of Tm3+ Doped Gallium Tellurite Glasses for Efficient 2.0 μm Laser

1.9 μm laser and visible light emissions in Er3+/Tm3+ co-doped tellurite glass microspheres pumped by a broadband amplified spontaneous emission source

High-efficiency ～2 μm laser in a single-mode Tm-doped lead germanate composite fiber

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Product

Resources

About

$\sim 2$ -$\mu \text{m}$ Single-Mode Laser Output in Tm³⁺-Doped Tellurium Germanate Double-Cladding Fiber

1.9 μm laser and visible light emissions in Er³⁺/Tm³⁺ co-doped tellurite glass microspheres pumped by a broadband amplified spontaneous emission source