Silymarin improves glycemic control through reduction of insulin resistance in newly diagnosed patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Objective: To study, analyse and compare the effects of Silymarin on glycemic control and insulin resistance in newly diagnosed type 2 diaebtes mellitus (T2DM) subjects. Study Design: Observational study. Setting: Suleman Roshan Medical College Hospital. Period: March 2019 to February 2020. Material & Methods: A sample of 200 newly diagnosed cases of T2DM were recruited accroding to inclusion criteria selected by non-probability convenient sampling. Subjects were divided into 2 groups; OHA- oral hypoglycemia agent and OHA+ Sillymarin (200 mg). Baseline fasting (FBG) and random blood glucose (RBG), glycated HbA1 (A1C), fasting insulin (FI) and insulin resitance (HOMA-IR) were detected. Silymarin therapy was continued for 3 months. Study variables were analysed after 3 months. Data was analyzed on SPSS (ver.19) at 95% confidence interval (P≤0.05) considered statistially significant. Results: Age of diabetics taking oral hypoglycemic agents (OHA) and diaebtic taking OHA+ Silymarin supplementation was noted as 50.3±13.3 49.9±14.5 years (P=0.91). 3 months Silymarin supplementation improves the fasting blood glucose, random blood glucose, glycated hemoglobin A1 (A1C), fasting insulin and insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (P=0.0001). Conclusion: Silymarin improves blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetics that is mediated through reduction of insulin resistance.

Impacts of Supplementation with Silymarin on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose–Response Meta-Analysis

“…The articles were published from 1993 to 2022. Thirty-two studies used a randomized parallel design [79][80][81][82][83][84], while one study was a cross-over trial [78]. The trial duration and sample size varied from 2 to 48 weeks and 16 to 100 participants, respectively.…”

“…The mean age of the participants varied from 20 to 63 years old. The trials were performed in Iran [55,56,[59][60][61][62]64,65,[67][68][69][70]72,73,[75][76][77]79,81,82], Italy [52,53,84], the Czech Republic [54,58], Iraq [57,63,66], Malaysia [74], Egypt [71], Pakistan [80,83], and Australia [78]. They were conducted among healthy individuals [54,72,73,78], patients with cirrhosis [52,53], diabetic nephropathy [64], diabetes mellitus [55][56][57]59,63,65,67,70,71,…”

“…The effect of supplementation with SIL on the concentrations of serum FBG was assessed in 22 trials [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][61][62][63][64][65]67,70,71,74,76,77,80,83,84] that involved 1445 participants (719 cases versus 726 controls). The pooled results indicated that SIL effectively decreased serum FBG values in the SIL-treated groups (n = 719) compared to their untreated counterparts (n = 726) (WMD: −21.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: −31.37, −11.99; p < 0.001) with remarkable between-trial heterogeneity (I 2 = 99.5%, p < 0.001) (Figure 2C).…”

“…The association between serum fasting insulin levels and SIL intake was assessed in eight studies [52,53,56,67,71,75,77,80] involving 571 participants (Figure 2D). The metaanalysis revealed that serum fasting insulin concentrations decreased following SIL consumption compared to the untreated group (WMD: −3.76 mU/mL, 95% CI: −4.80, −2.72; p < 0.001); nevertheless, there was substantial heterogeneity between trials (I 2 = 98.6%, p < 0.001) (Table 2).…”

“…Fourteen studies [52,53,56,57,59,[63][64][65]67,71,74,80,83,84] assessed the impact of supplementation with SIL on the serum HbA1c levels in a total of 957 participants (SIL-treated vs. placebo). Meta-analysis of these trials indicated a substantial decline in serum HbA1c levels following SIL intake compared to the untreated group (WMD: −0.85%, 95% CI: −1.27, −0.43; p < 0.001) with a high degree of between-trial heterogeneity (I 2 = 98.4%, p < 0.001) (Figure 2E).…”