Silymarin: an insight to its formulation and analytical prospects

Ahmad, Usama; Faiyazuddin, Md.; Hussain, Talib; Ahmad, Sarfaraz; Alshammari, Thamir M.; Shakeel, Faiyaz

doi:10.1007/s11738-015-2008-3

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 115 publications

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“…Worth mentioning here is the fact that silymarin has very poor oral bioavailability, acid instability, and poor solubility [40]. Hence, to be administered orally, it should be formulated in novel drug delivery systems such as porous silica nanoparticles, phospholipid complexes, or liposomes [40]. In the current study, i. p. route of administration was selected to overcome such limitations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2018

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychopathological disease that is triggered by exposure to traumatic events. It is usually associated with substantial comorbidities, such as cognitive impairment, anxiety, and depression. Silymarin has been recently reported to exert neuroprotective activities against neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Herein, the beneficial effects of silymarin in ameliorating PTSD-like symptoms such as memory impairments, anxiety, and depression were evaluated using a single-prolonged stress (SPS) rat model of PTSD. Male Wistar rats were randomly assigned into four groups: control, silymarin, SPS, or SPS + silymarin. Rats were administrated silymarin, 100 mg/kg i. p. for 4 wk. Rats in all groups were tested for short- and long-term memory in the radial arm water maze (RAWM), for anxiety-like behaviors using the open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) test, and for depression-like symptoms using the tail suspension test (TST). Conventional analyses of the RAWM, EPM, OFT, and TST were conducted using analysis of variance. Additionally, the anxiety-related behavior parameters of the EPM and OFT were entered to principal component analysis. Regression scores based on the first two extracted components, which accounted for 61% of the variance, were indicative of the anxiolytic activity of silymarin. Collectively, the results suggest that silymarin treatment prevents SPS-induced long-term memory impairments, anxiety, and depressive-like symptoms in rat models.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

et al. 2018

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“…The silymarin powder was weighed 200 mg and added 0.5% Na-CMC gradually while crushed until it homogenous. The suspension was added with Na-CMC suspension of 0.5% (Ahmad et al 2015).…”

Section: Preparation Of Silymarin Suspensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatoprotective effect of Pandanus odoratissimus seed extracts on paracetamol-induced rats

Sinaga

Fitrayadi

Asrori

et al. 2021

Pharmaceutical Biology

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“…The four major causes of limited silymarin bioavailability are extensive phase II metabolism, low permeability across intestinal epithelial cells, low aqueous solubility, and rapid excretion in bile and urine. These factors necessitate the incorporation of silymarin into a form that can augment its bioavailability [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silymarin nanoemulsion against human hepatocellular carcinoma: development and optimization

Ahmad

Singh

Ahmad

et al. 2017

Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology

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Silymarin: an insight to its formulation and analytical prospects

Cited by 19 publications

References 115 publications

Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Silymarin Prevents Memory Impairments, Anxiety, and Depressive-Like Symptoms in a Rat Model of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Hepatoprotective effect of Pandanus odoratissimus seed extracts on paracetamol-induced rats

Silymarin nanoemulsion against human hepatocellular carcinoma: development and optimization

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