Silvicultural research and the evolution of forest practices in the Douglas-fir region.

Curtis, Robert O.; DeBell, Dean S.; Miller, R Eric; Newton, Michael; Clair, J. Bradley St.; Stein, William I.

doi:10.2737/pnw-gtr-696

Cited by 16 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…Typical plantations involve intensive site preparation activities that focus primarily on planting sites at high stocking levels to achieve tree dominance and canopy closure as soon as possible (Smith et al 1997;Curtis et al 2007). Federal forest plantations share some characteristics of industrial plantations, however there is evidence that federal plantations can have multi-decadal establishment rates (Yang et al 2005).…”

Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-decadal establishment for single-cohort Douglas-fir forests

et al. 2014

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The rate at which trees regenerate following stand-replacing wildfire is an important but poorly understood process in the multi-century development of Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco) and western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) forests. Temporal patterns of Douglas-fir establishment reconstructed from old-growth forests (>450 year) have generated contradictory models of either rapid (<25 year) or prolonged (>100 year) periods of establishment, while patterns of tree establishment in mid-aged (100 to 350 year) forests remains largely unknown. To determine temporal patterns of Douglas-fir establishment following stand-replacing fire, increment cores were obtained from 1455 trees in 18 mature and early old-growth forests in western Washington and northwestern Oregon, USA. Each of the stands showed continuous regeneration of Douglasfir for many decades following initiating fire. The establishment period averaged 60 years (range: 32-99 years). These results contrast both with the view of rapid (one-to two-decade) regeneration of Douglas-fir promoted in the early forestry literature and with reports of establishment periods exceeding 100 years in older (>400 year) Douglas-fir-western hemlock stands. These results have important implications for management designed to create and promote early-seral forest characteristics.

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Section: Management Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-decadal establishment for single-cohort Douglas-fir forests

et al. 2014

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“…Clearcuts are favored over thinning (Ohmann et al 2007), and tree seedlings grown from improved genetic stock are typical in replanting. Intensive management includes interventions such as herbicide use and burning to control early seral vegetation to ensure planted seedlings or saplings establish successfully (Curtis et al 2007). Thus, the early seral stage of this forest type is often avoided and stages which favor establishment of overstory trees occur quickly after stand establishment (Ohmann et al 2007;Swanson et al 2011;Swanson et al 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions of predominant insects and diseases with climate change in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A.

Agne

Beedlow

Shaw

et al. 2018

Forest Ecology and Management

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Forest disturbance regimes are beginning to show evidence of climate-mediated changes, such as increasing severity of droughts and insect outbreaks. We review the major insects and pathogens affecting the disturbance regime for coastal Douglas-fir forests in western Oregon and Washington State, USA, and ask how future climate changes may influence their role in disturbance ecology. Although the physiological constraints of light, temperature, and moisture largely control tree growth, episodic and chronic disturbances interacting with biological factors have substantial impacts on the structure and functioning of forest ecosystems in this region. Understanding insect and disease interactions is critical to predicting forest response to climate change and the consequences for ecosystem services, such as timber, clean water, fish and wildlife. We focused on future predictions for warmer wetter winters, hotter drier summers, and elevated atmospheric CO to hypothesize the response of Douglas-fir forests to the major insects and diseases influencing this forest type: Douglas-fir beetle, Swiss needle cast, black stain root disease, and laminated root rot. We hypothesize that 1) Douglas-fir beetle and black stain root disease could become more prevalent with increasing, fire, temperature stress, and moisture stress, 2) future impacts of Swiss needle cast are difficult to predict due to uncertainties in May-July leaf wetness, but warmer winters could contribute to intensification at higher elevations, and 3) laminated root rot will be influenced primarily by forest management, rather than climatic change. Furthermore, these biotic disturbance agents interact in complex ways that are poorly understood. Consequently, to inform management decisions, insect and disease influences on disturbance regimes must be characterized specifically by forest type and region in order to accurately capture these interactions in light of future climate-mediated changes.

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“…Prior to logging, disturbances responsible for the regeneration of Douglas-fir included fire (ignited by lightning or humans), wind, insects, and pathogens (Agee 1991(Agee , 1993Huff 1995;Weisberg 2004). So tightly coupled is the historical relationship between fire and Douglas-fir establishment, for example, that Douglas-fir age structure is often taken as a surrogate for fire history (Morris 1934;Isaac 1940;Munger 1940;Franklin and Dyrness 1973;Hermann and Lavender 1990;Morrison and Swanson 1990;Agee 1991Agee , 1993Huff 1995;Poage 1995;Agee and Krusemark 2001;Franklin et al 2002;Winter et al 2002;Curtis et al 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influences of climate, fire, and topography on contemporary age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon

et al. 2009

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Knowledge of forest development is basic to understanding the ecology, dynamics, and management of forest ecosystems. We hypothesized that the age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon are extremely variable with long and (or) multiple establishment periods common, and that these patterns reflect variation in regional-scale climate, landscape-scale topography, and landscape-scale fire history. We used establishment dates for 5892 individual Douglas-firs from these sites to test these hypotheses. We identified four groups of old forest sites with fundamentally different Douglas-fir age structure patterns. Long and (or) multiple establishment periods were common to all groups. One group described old forests characterized by substantial establishment from the early 1500s to the mid-1600s, with decreasing establishment thereafter. Another group was characterized by peaks of establishment in the middle to late 1600s and in the late 1800s and early 1900s. A third group was characterized by a small peak of establishment in the mid-1500s and a larger peak in the middle to late 1800s. Characteristic of the fourth group was the extended period of Douglas-fir establishment from the late 1600s to the late 1800s. Group membership was explained moderately well by contemporary, regional climatic variables and landscape-scale fire history, but only weakly by landscape-scale topography.

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Silvicultural research and the evolution of forest practices in the Douglas-fir region.

Cited by 16 publications

References 72 publications

Multi-decadal establishment for single-cohort Douglas-fir forests

Multi-decadal establishment for single-cohort Douglas-fir forests

Interactions of predominant insects and diseases with climate change in Douglas-fir forests of western Oregon and Washington, U.S.A.

Influences of climate, fire, and topography on contemporary age structure patterns of Douglas-fir at 205 old forest sites in western Oregon

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