SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z ∼ 6–7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

Harikane, Yuichi; Ouchi, Masami; Ono, Yoshiyasu; Fujimoto, Seiji; Donevski, Darko; Shibuya, Tetsuo; Faisst, Andreas L.; Goto, Tomotsugu; Hatsukade, Bunyo; Kashikawa, Nobunari; Kohno, Kotaro; Hashimoto, T.; Higuchi, Ryo; Inoue, Akio; Lin, Yen Ting; Martin, Crystal L.; Overzier, Roderik; Smail, Ian; Toshikawa, Jun; Umehata, Hideki; Ao, Yiping; Chapman, Scott; Clements, D. L.; Im, Myungshin; Jing, Y. P.; Kawaguchi, Toshihiro; Lee, Chien‐Hsiu; Lee, Minju; Lin, Lihwai; Matsuoka, Yoshiki; Marinello, Murilo; Nagao, Tohru; Onodera, Makoto; Toft, Sune; Wang, Wei-Hao

doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab2cd5

Cited by 98 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…Each has a 2 dimensional scale of ∼ 75 × 40 cMpc 2 , and contains ∼ 12 LAEs, including 3 of which are luminous with L Lyα > 10 43.3 erg s −1 . Such large scale structures of high redshift LAEs probe the protoclusters in the early universe, and have been reported at redshift of 5.7 and 6.6 (Wang et al 2005;Ouchi et al 2005;Jiang et al 2018;Harikane et al 2019) and smaller (Shimasaku et al 2003;Zheng et al 2016). We note that 5 members of the large scale structures have been spectroscopically confirmed using Magellan/IMACS (Hu et al 2017), with a remarkably high success rate of 2/3, This indicates these two structures are physically real.…”

Section: Selected Candidatessupporting

confidence: 69%

The Lyα Luminosity Function and Cosmic Reionization at z ∼ 7.0: A Tale of Two LAGER Fields

Wang

Zheng³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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We present the largest-ever sample of 79 Lyα emitters (LAEs) at z ∼ 7.0 selected in the COSMOS and CDFS fields of the LAGER project (the Lyman Alpha Galaxies in the Epoch of Reionization). Our newly amassed ultradeep narrowband exposure and deeper/wider broadband images have more than doubled the number of LAEs in COSMOS, and we have selected 30 LAEs in the second field CDFS. We detect two large-scale LAE-overdense regions in the COSMOS that are likely protoclusters at the highest redshift to date. We perform injection and recovery simulations to derive the sample incompleteness. We show significant incompleteness comes from blending with foreground sources, which however has not been corrected in LAE luminosity functions in the literature. The bright end bump in the Lyα luminosity function in COSMOS is confirmed with 6 (2 newly selected) luminous LAEs (L Lyα > 10 43.3 erg s −1 ). Interestingly, the bump is absent in CDFS, in which only one luminous LAE is detected. Meanwhile, the faint end luminosity functions from the two fields well agree with each other. The 6 luminous LAEs in COSMOS coincide with 2 LAE-overdense regions, while such regions are not seen in CDFS. The bright-end luminosity function bump could be attributed to ionized bubbles in a patchy reionization. It appears associated with cosmic overdensities, thus supports an inside-out reionization topology at z ∼ 7.0, i.e., the high density peaks were ionized earlier compared to the voids. An average neutral hydrogen fraction of x HI ∼ 0.2 -0.4 is derived at z ∼ 7.0 based on the cosmic evolution of the Lyα luminosity function.

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Section: Selected Candidatessupporting

confidence: 69%

The Lyα Luminosity Function and Cosmic Reionization at z ∼ 7.0: A Tale of Two LAGER Fields

Wang

Zheng³

et al. 2019

ApJ

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“…However, the ALMA counts in the two fields are broadly consistent with the scatter between degreesized fields predicted by . We highlight that these empirical limits on the cosmic variance in the counts of SMGs in ∼ 0.1 deg 2 areas have implications for the searches for overdensities of such sources which rely on identifying the excess in the projected surface density of sources, unless care is taken to assess the significance of above-Poisson variance in the number counts (e.g., Dannerbauer et al 2014;Casey 2016;Harikane et al 2019).…”

Section: Cosmic Variancementioning

confidence: 99%

An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2–COSMOS field

Simpson

Smail

Dudzevičiūtė

et al. 2020

Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society

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136

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We present an ALMA study of the ∼180 brightest sources in the SCUBA-2 850-μm map of the COSMOS field from the S2COSMOS survey, as a pilot study for AS2COSMOS – a full survey of the ∼1000 sources in this field. In this pilot study, we have obtained 870-μm continuum maps of an essentially complete sample of the brightest 182 sub-millimetre sources ($S_{850\, \mu \rm m}\gt $ 6.2 mJy) in COSMOS. Our ALMA maps detect 260 sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) spanning a range in flux density of $S_{870\, \mu \rm m}$ = 0.7–19.2 mJy. We detect more than one SMG counterpart in 34 ± 2 per cent of sub-millimetre sources, increasing to 53 ± 8 per cent for SCUBA-2 sources brighter than $S_{850\, \mu \rm m}\gt $ 12 mJy. We estimate that approximately one-third of these SMG–SMG pairs are physically associated (with a higher rate for the brighter secondary SMGs, $S_{870\, \mu \rm m}\gtrsim$ 3 mJy), and illustrate this with the serendipitous detection of bright [C ii] 157.74-μm line emission in two SMGs, AS2COS 0001.1 and 0001.2 at z = 4.63, associated with the highest significance single-dish source. Using our source catalogue, we construct the interferometric 870-μm number counts at $S_{870\, \mu \rm m}\gt $ 6.2 mJy. We use the extensive archival data of this field to construct the multiwavelength spectral energy distribution of each AS2COSMOS SMG, and subsequently model this emission with magphys to estimate their photometric redshifts. We find a median photometric redshift for the $S_{870\, \mu \rm m}\gt $ 6.2 mJy AS2COSMOS sample of z = 2.87 ± 0.08, and clear evidence for an increase in the median redshift with 870-μm flux density suggesting strong evolution in the bright end of the 870-μm luminosity function.

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“…Recent far-IR and sub-millimeter observations have uncovered populations of dusty, star-forming galaxies residing in overdense environments at z > 2 (e.g. Geach et al 2006;Chapman et al 2009;Dannerbauer et al 2014;Clements et al 2014;Casey et al 2015;Umehata et al 2015;Hung et al 2016;Miller et al 2018;Gómez-Guijarro et al 2019;Harikane et al 2019;Lacaille et al 2019). Their incredible bursts of star formation over short periods of time at high-z makes DSFGs ideal candidates for driving rapid stellar mass build up at z > 3 in protoclusters, before the widespread onset of a red sequence is in place.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of an Ultrared, Ultramassive Galaxy Cluster Core at z = 4

Long

Cooray

et al. 2020

ApJ

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Recent simulations and observations of massive galaxy cluster evolution predict that the majority of stellar mass build up happens within cluster members by z = 2, before cluster virialization. Protoclusters rich with dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at z > 3 are the favored candidate progenitors for these massive galaxy clusters at z ∼ 0. We present here the first study analyzing stellar emission along with cold dust and gas continuum emission in a spectroscopically confirmed z = 4.002 protocluster core rich with DSFGs, the Distant Red Core (DRC). We combine new HST and Spitzer data with existing Gemini, Herschel, and ALMA observations to derive individual galaxy-level properties, and compare them to coeval field and other protocluster galaxies. All of the protocluster members are massive (> 10 10 M ), but not significantly more so than their coeval field counterparts. Within uncertainty, all are nearly indistinguishable from galaxies on the star-forming vs. stellar mass main-sequence relationship, and on the star formation efficiency plane. Assuming no future major influx of fresh gas, we estimate that these gaseous DSFGs will deplete their gas reservoirs in ∼ 300 Myr, becoming the massive quiescent ellipticals dominating cluster cores by z ∼ 3. Using various methodologies, we derive a total z = 4 halo mass of ∼ 10 14 M , and estimate that the DRC will evolve to become an ultra-massive cluster core of mass 10 15 M by z = 0.

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SILVERRUSH. VIII. Spectroscopic Identifications of Early Large-scale Structures with Protoclusters over 200 Mpc at z ∼ 6–7: Strong Associations of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies

Cited by 98 publications

References 141 publications

The Lyα Luminosity Function and Cosmic Reionization at z ∼ 7.0: A Tale of Two LAGER Fields

The Lyα Luminosity Function and Cosmic Reionization at z ∼ 7.0: A Tale of Two LAGER Fields

An ALMA survey of the brightest sub-millimetre sources in the SCUBA-2–COSMOS field

Emergence of an Ultrared, Ultramassive Galaxy Cluster Core at z = 4

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