Silver Wire Amplifies the Signaling Mechanism for IL-1beta Production More Than Silver Submicroparticles in Human Monocytic THP-1 Cells

Abstract

Silver materials have been widely used in diverse fields. However, their toxicity and their mechanism, especially in different forms, have not been studied sufficiently. Thus, cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) production were investigated using macrophage-like THP-1 cells in the presence of Ag microparticles (AgMPs, 2.7 µm), Ag submicroparticles (AgSMPs, 150 nm), and Ag wires (AgWs, 274 nm×5.3 µm). The levels of cytotoxicity, apoptosis, and IL-1β production by AgWs were higher than those by the other two AgSMPs and AgMPs. This trend was also observed with each step of the signaling mechanism for IL-1β production, which is a single pathway affiliated with ROS generation or lysosomal rupture or both, cathepsin B, caspase-1 (NALP3 inflammasome), and finally IL-1β production in THP-1 cells. All these results suggest that, for development of safe and effective silver materials, the shape or form of silver materials should be considered, especially for macrophage cell lines because epithelial cell lines are not overly sensitive to silver materials.

In vitro and in vivo comparison of the immunotoxicity of single- and multi-layered graphene oxides with or without pluronic F-127

“…4B). This result is not in agreement with previous reports that graphene or carbon nanotubes hybridized with Pluronic F-127 exhibit no obvious cytotoxicity to MCF-7 or HEK cells2751. This suggests use of a dispersant such as Pluronic F-127 should be examined before its application to GO.…”

“…The phagocytosis and IL-1β production results supported this as immune responses, such as IL-1β production by macrophages, can be initiated by phagocytosis of foreign particles (Fig. 3C,D)27. Pluronic F-127 has previously been used as a steric stabilizer for nonionic aqueous dispersions of graphene or GO4950.…”

“…The sub-G1 fraction of cell cycle corresponds to cells with fragmented DNA and it can be used as a measure of apoptotic damage2728. In cells treated with equal concentrations of SLGOs, the proportion of sub-G 1 DNA increased only slightly as size decreased (Fig.…”

Macrophages participate in local and systemic inflammation induced by amorphous silica nanoparticles through intratracheal instillation

“…Previous reports have proposed that the reactive oxygen species-related signal pathway might play a critical role in the activation of NLRP3. 29, 30 Thus, we tested NF-κB expression, with the results revealing a large amount of NF-κB in the SiNP-treated groups ( Figure 7D). These results indicate that SiNPs could affect the proliferation ability of macrophages, stimulate and disrupt phagocytic function, and alter cell morphology.…”

Acute systemic exposure to silver-based nanoparticles induces hepatotoxicity and NLRP3-dependent inflammation

“…Exposure of human blood monocytes and primary bronchial epithelial cells to NP induces the release of inflammatory mediators, predominantly through NOD-like receptor containing pyrin domain 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome-dependent mechanism (6,8,12).…”