Silver Tarnishing Mechanism Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Saleh, Gabriele; Xu, Chen; Sanvito, Stefano

doi:10.1002/anie.201901630

Cited by 20 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…As shown in Figure a, the sample can maintain its originally high conductivity in the natural environment (temperature of 21 °C and relative humidity of 66%), and there is a small resistance increase of ca. 20% after 7 days, which is comparable with other reported electrodes. , The resistance change should mainly be ascribed to the Ag corrosion in air, ,− and the formation of Ag oxide and Ag sulfide will result in the increased resistance of AgNPs and contact resistance between adjacent AgNPs. In addition, ultrasonication is utilized to investigate the stability under mechanical interference .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Paper Assisted by Polydopamine for Green and Flexible Electrodes

Niu

Hua

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Technology advances in flexible and wearable electronics have promoted the booming development for high-performance flexible electrodes. In this work, we fabricated a highly conducive paper-based electrode by coating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on common cellulose paper using a polymer-assisted metal deposition strategy, where the mussel-inspired polydopamine (PDA) layer was applied as an interface to facilitate the bonding between paper substrates and AgNPs. Dense AgNPs can directly grow on the surface of PDA-coated paper at mild conditions, forming a highly conductive layer. The as-fabricated flexible paper electrode displays a high electrical conductivity of 4058.1 S/m and low sheet resistance of 6.5 Ω/sq, which outperforms many reported counterparts. Moreover, with the strong interfacial reinforcement by PDA, the AgNPs adhere to the paper tightly and the electrode presents a notable stability under sonication and mechanical bending. The used paper is low cost and environmentally friendly, and the preparation process is simple and green without the need of extreme conditions or strong solvents, which can be scaled up to large-scale fabrication.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Paper Assisted by Polydopamine for Green and Flexible Electrodes

Niu

Hua

2020

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…Regardless of such discrepancies, there is no question that the sulfidation of AgNW is a serious problem, particularly for TFHs with relatively high operating temperatures. [ 86–88 ]…”

Section: Microscale Failure Mechanisms Of Metal Nanowiresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

et al. 2020

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Metal nanowire (MNW)‐based transparent electrode technologies have significantly matured over the last decade to become a prominent low‐cost alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO). Beyond reaching the same level of performance as ITO, MNW networks offer additional advantages including flexibility and low materials cost. To facilitate adoption of MNW networks as a replacement to ITO, they must overcome their inherent stability issues while maintaining their properties and cost‐effectiveness. Herein, the fundamental failure mechanisms of MNW networks are discussed in detail. Recent strategies to computationally model MNWs from the nano‐ to macroscale and suggest future work to capture dynamic failure to unravel mechanisms that account for convolution of the failure modes are highlighted. Strategies to characterize MNW network failure in situ and postmortem are also discussed. In addition, recent work about improving the stability of MNW networks via encapsulation is discussed. Lastly, a perspective is given on how to frame the requirements of MNW‐encapsulant hybrids with reference to their target applications, namely: solar cells, transparent film heaters, sensors, and displays. A cost analysis to comment on the feasibility of implementing MNW hybrids is provided, and critical areas to focus on for future work on MNW networks are suggested.

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“…As such, here we take a simplified approach by computing the oxygen and sulfur binding energy to metals and by taking such binding energy as a proxy for reactivity. Clearly, this is a drastic simplification since sometimes a material presents a similar binding energy to O and S but different reactivity, as in the case of silver [2]. Such situations typically occur when the rate-limiting barrier in the reaction path does not correlate well with the binding energy of the reaction product (see discussion in Sec.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactivity of transition-metal alloys to oxygen and sulfur

Tiwari

Nelson

et al. 2021

Phys. Rev. Materials

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Oxidation and tarnishing are the two most common initial steps in the corrosive process of metals at ambient conditions. These are always initiated with O and S binding to a metallic surface, so that one can use the binding energy as a rough proxy for the metal reactivity. With this in mind, we present a systematic study of the binding energy of O and S across the entire transition metals' composition space, namely, we explore the binding energy of 88 single-phase transition metals and of 646 transition-metal binary alloys. The analysis is performed by defining a suitable descriptor for the binding energy. This is here obtained by fitting several schemes, based on the original Newns-Anderson model, against density functional theory data for the 4d transition-metal series. Such descriptor is then applied to a vast database of electronic structures of transition-metal alloys, for which we are able to predict the range of binding energies across both the compositional and the structural spaces. Finally, we extend our analysis to ternary transition-metal alloys and identify the most resilient compounds to O and S binding.

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Silver Tarnishing Mechanism Revealed by Molecular Dynamics Simulations

Cited by 20 publications

References 27 publications

Robust Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Paper Assisted by Polydopamine for Green and Flexible Electrodes

Robust Deposition of Silver Nanoparticles on Paper Assisted by Polydopamine for Green and Flexible Electrodes

Failing Forward: Stability of Transparent Electrodes Based on Metal Nanowire Networks

Reactivity of transition-metal alloys to oxygen and sulfur

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