Silver Sandwiched ITO Based Transparent Antenna Array for RF Energy Harvesting in 5G Mid-Range of Frequencies

Abstract

A transparent antenna array based on silver sandwiched indium tin oxide (AgITO) heterostructure thin films is presented. The AgITO is sputtered on both sides of soda-lime glass (SLG) substrate, and the three thin films deposition parameters are optimized to obtain very low ohmic interfacial contact resistance of less than 1 Ω/Sq. AgITO promotes thin film-based transparent microstrip structure of the proposed antenna array as well as the transparent T-junction power divider. Furthermore, AgITO microstrip as well as opaque single element antenna as reference antennas for a transparent array are presented. The proposed array has wide bandwidth promoting radio frequency energy harvesting at Wi-Fi 2.4, LTE 2600, WLAN, WiMAX and the expected 5G mid-bands. Moreover, it could be functionalized for wireless transmission within the previously mentioned bands. The transparent AgITO array has 5 dBi gain value against 2.3 dBi for the transparent AgITO single element antenna at 5.8 GHz. The array was utilized for radiofrequency energy harvesting, obtaining DC output volt=161.4 mV with a conversion efficiency of 32.9% at 5.8 GHz with RF received power of -10 dBm.

UWB MIMO optical transparent antenna based on ITO film

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Performance Analysis of Wireless Communications with Nonlinear Energy Harvesting under Hardware Impairment and κ-μ Shadowed Fading

“…One of the emerging countermeasures is to harvest energy available in radio frequency (RF) signals surrounding communications devices. Presently, 5G/6G devices deploy successfully cheap energy harvesting (EH) integrated circuits [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Nonetheless, a plurality of performance analyses pertinent to RF EH has featured EH to be linear for simplicity [ 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 ].…”

A Highly Transparent Flexible Antenna Based on Liquid Metal Mesh Film

“…The substrate material and the conductive material of the antenna are key factors for the light transmission, flexibility, and stretchability of the antenna. So far, a variety of transparent substrates have been used to manufacture transparent antennas, including glass [1,3,12,13,[17][18][19], polyimide (PI) [2], polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) [5], plexiglass [6], polyethylene terephthalate (PET) [7,20,21], polyvinyl chloride (PVC), and Ecoflex™. These materials are different in various aspects, such as dielectric properties, hardness, brittleness, and light transmission.…”