Silver Nanowire Top Electrodes in Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells using Titanium Metal as Substrate

Lee, Minoh; Ko, Yohan; Min, Byoung Koun; Jun, Yongseok

doi:10.1002/cssc.201501332

Cited by 93 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Early reports trying a solvent-based process in depositing MeNW-networks on the top of OMHP layers have already demonstrated that the selection of water and ethanol as a primary solvent truly degrades the underlying OMHP layer immediately upon the coating process. [90,92] Such a problem has been dealt with in various ways. The first of these is solvent optimization.…”

Section: Degradation Of Perovskite Layer By Polar Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[15,129] Accordingly, several groups have made efforts to employ MeNW-network electrodes as a transparent electrode ( Table 2). [90,98,99,[130][131][132] Schematic illustrations of each type of PSC employing flexible MeNW-network electrodes are presented in Figure 6.…”

Section: Flexible Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[90] The regular-structured PSC was fabricated on a Ti substrate. By optimizing the AgNW deposition to minimize the deterioration in OMHP, the final cell showed a PCE of 7.45%, with V oc of 0.918 V, J sc of 16.48 mA cm −2 , and FF of 49% (Figure 7e).…”

Section: Flexible Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal‐Nanowire‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities

Ahn

Hwang

Jeong

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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in PSCs has been accomplished within a relatively short period of time, owing to OMHP's merits for low-cost, large-area, flexible photovoltaic applications; these merits include (i) the precursor chemicals, including organic ammonium halides and lead (tin) halides, for synthesizing the OMHP materials are cost-effective, and the OMHP layers can be readily prepared by simple wet-chemical approaches such as a spin coating or a slot-die coating process; (ii) the processing temperatures are relatively low, below 150 °C, for the formation of well-crystalized OMHP layers, in contrast to other thin-film-based solar cells; (iii) both the high absorption coefficients [6] and high carrier mobilities [7] suggest promising possibilities for highperformance photoactive materials. The PCE certified by National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) reached 22.1% in 2016, [8] which is either comparable to or outperforms the PCEs of other next-generation thin-film solar cells, including CIGS(Se) (22.3%), CZTS/Se (12.6%), CdTe (22.1%), and organic photovoltaics (OPVs, 11.5%).Apart from the race to achieve higher PCE, other important research has been directed toward the development of lead-free OMHP layers, [9] large-area device fabrication, [10,11] a methodology of achieving long-term stability against moisture and irradiation, [12,13] and a way of recycling constituent cell materials. [14] Another fascinating research topic concerns the electrodes for PSCs. To date, vacuum-deposited transparent conductive oxides (TCOs), such as indium tin oxide (ITO) and fluorinated tin oxide (FTO), have been used widely as a large-area window electrode through which light passes. However, TCOs have received criticism in terms of their fabrication cost, brittleness, and the scarcity of raw materials (especially, the indium in ITO). [15] Opaque noble metal electrodes (Au, Ag), which are usually used as a back contact, are also fabricated with a costly vacuum-assisted deposition process. From the viewpoint of cost-effectiveness, both transparent and opaque conventional electrodes apparently represent predominant impediments to the high-throughput fabrication of PSCs, giving rise to a significant demand to replace these conventional electrodes with alternatives.To date, a variety of alternative electrodes have been reported in the literature.

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Section: Degradation Of Perovskite Layer By Polar Solventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Flexible Pscsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Metal‐Nanowire‐Electrode‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells: Challenging Issues and New Opportunities

Ahn

Hwang

Jeong

et al. 2017

Advanced Energy Materials

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show abstract

“…Electrodes, including thin metallic films, 25,26 metal nanowires, 27 carbon nanotubes, 28 graphenes, 29 and transparent conductive oxides, 30 have been developed to replace these expensive sheets. We used a Au film as the semi-transparent electrode for perovskite-based bifacial solar cells.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…31 Several groups carried out experiments on metallic substrates. 32,33 Compared with using glass counterparts for conduction, metallic substrates have several advantages, such as the capability of withstanding higher temperatures, higher permeation barrier properties, and higher conductivity. 34 These metallic substrates include titanium substrate, 35 titanium fiber, 36 and stainless-steel fiber.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In Situ Fabrication of Integrated Electrode of Perovskite Solar Cells

Gao¹,

Yang²,

Li³

et al. 2017

Chem. Lett.

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An integrated electrode has been in situ fabricated on a titanium substrate by a simple thermal oxidation method. The integrated electrodes can replace glass substrates, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO), and TiO 2 compact and mesoporous layers in conventional perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with bilayer configuration. Under AM1.5 illumination, photon-to-electricity conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated PSCs is 9.92%, which is higher than that of PSCs with bilayer configuration. Interestingly, photoluminescence (PL) measurements show a lower charge recombination in the integrated electrodes than normal TiO 2 electrodes fabricated layer by layer, thereby suggesting that photoinduced electrons in integrated electrodes can be more efficiently extracted. We also found that our PSCs have high conductivity and excellent stability. Therefore, the developed technique is suitable for fabricating large area PSCs. Organicinorganic lead halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have elicited considerable attention due to their unique advantages and rapid progress. 15 The photon-to-electricity conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs has been recorded at 22.1%, as shown in recent studies. 6 Optimizing the device architectures can be considered a suitable and exciting arena from the manufacturing and application perspectives.7 Before the development of various techniques for producing high-quality perovskite films, the configuration of mesoporous PSCs realized high efficiency, in which the perovskite morphology is mainly controlled by the underlying mesoporous scaffold. 8,9 After the development of fast perovskite film deposition techniques, bilayer configuration PSCs have been created with high efficiencies. These PSCs have a perovskite capping layer on top of the perovskite sensitized layer.10 To date, all the certified high-efficiency PSCs have been developed in this configuration. 11,12 In this bilayer configuration, high-efficiency PSCs with less hysteresis can be obtained by balancing the mesoporous and capping layers. In this bilayer configuration, high requirements were proposed to develop the perovskite deposition in this configuration.Planar PSCs have been developed to eliminate the function of mesoporous TiO 2 electron conduction.13 Therefore, it makes PSCs more suitable for fabrication at low temperature and for avoiding the power wasting mesoporous TiO 2 layer, which needs to be processed at high temperatures. Planar PSCs begin with compact layer deposition, which is used to prevent charge recombination. Pinhole-free and high-quality compact layers with a few defects are important for planar PSCs with a high PCE. and stainless-steel fiber. 37In this study, we designed and in situ fabricated an integrated electrode on a titanium substrate by using a simple thermal oxidation method. Compared with conventional PSCs with bilayer configuration, this integrated electrode can increase the charge transport and reduce the series resistance, including the contribution of electrode/compact layer and compact/ mesoporous layer inter...

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