Silver nanoparticles cause osmoregulatory impairment and oxidative stress in Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum, Kamensky 1901)

Abstract

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are increasingly used in several industrial and household products because of their antibacterial and antifungal properties. Hence, there is an inevitable risk that these chemicals may end up in aquatic biotopes and have adverse effects on the fauna. In order to assess potential health effects on aquatic organisms, this study evaluated the effects of waterborne AgNP exposure for 7 days on a set of critical stress parameters in juvenile Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum), an economically important fish in the Caspian Sea. The applied level 11 μg/l of AgNP is high compared to reported water concentrations and corresponds to 40% of the 96 h LC value, initially determined to be 28 μg/l. Gill heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) mRNA expression, Na/K-ATPase activity and enzymatic activities of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx), lactate dehyrogenase (LDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and whole-body cortisol and thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) were measured as endpoints. Gill hsp70 mRNA expression increased and gill Na/K-ATPase activity decreased in AgNP-exposed fish compared to controls. The specific activities of all liver enzymes decreased significantly compared to controls. Whole-body cortisol and thyroid hormones decreased compared to controls. In conclusion, the study demonstrates that AgNPs cause oxidative stress and gill osmoregulatory disruption in Caspian kutum juveniles.

Interactive Effects of Curcumin and Silver Nanoparticles on Growth, Hemato-Biochemical Parameters, Digestive Enzymes Activity and Histology of Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio)

“…In the present study, increased AST, ALT and LDH activities were detected in sh fed AgNPs containing diets probably indicating cellular membrane damage and increased enzymes leakage. This is consistent with the results of previous studies on rainbow trout [54] and Caspian kutum (Rutilus kutum) [57]. Furthermore, our results showed that curcumin inclusion in AgNPs containing diets can remarkably reduce serum AST, ALT and LDH activities indicating that its application can protect hepatocytes against AgNPs induced damages.…”

Toxicity and modulation of silver nanoparticles synthesized using abalone viscera hydrolysates on bacterial community in aquatic environment

“…The 96 h-LC50 of AVH-AgNPs prepared in this study for adult zebrafish was 187 μg/l, which is higher than that of chemically synthesized AgNPs (0.0245 μg/ml; Rajan et al, 2018 ) and commercial AgNPs (0.028 μg/ml) ( Masouleh et al, 2017 ). In addition, the LC50 value of AVH-AgNPs was higher than that of AgNPs synthesized with aqueous leaf extract of Malva crispa (0.1422 μg/ml) ( Krishnaraj et al, 2016 ).…”

“…All of these were lower than the MIC (6.25-12.5 μg/ ml) and MBC (12.5 μg/ml) of the previously synthesized PSP-AgNPs (Jian et al, 2019(Jian et al, , 2020, indicating that AVH-AgNPs had better antibacterial effects. The 96 h-LC50 of AVH-AgNPs prepared in this study for adult zebrafish was 187 μg/l, which is higher than that of chemically synthesized AgNPs (0.0245 μg/ml; Rajan et al, 2018) and commercial AgNPs (0.028 μg/ml) (Masouleh et al, 2017). In addition, the LC50 value of AVH-AgNPs was higher than that of AgNPs synthesized with aqueous leaf extract of Malva crispa (0.1422 μg/ml) (Krishnaraj et al, 2016).…”

Toxicity assessment of gold ions and gold nanoparticles to golden perch larvae (Macquaria ambigua)

“…For example, nanoparticulate materials, such as ZnO and SiO 2 , have been shown to cause yolk-sac edema (swelling) in zebrafish embryos (Choi et al , 2016; Chao et al , 2017). Similarly, silver nanoparticles have been known to cause edema and physical abnormalities, as well as disrupting gill osmoregulation (Wu et al , 2010; Masouleh et al , 2017). In this study, 5 nm AuNPs caused the greatest swelling of yolk-sacs (Fig.…”