Silver nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent in experimental cyclosporiasis

Gaafar, Maha R.; El-Zawawy, Lobna A; El-Temsahy, Mona Mohamed; Shalaby, Thanaa I.; Hassan, Amjad

doi:10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107772

Cited by 13 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Conversely, norfloxacin, metronidazole, tinidazole, and quinacrine have proven ineffective in some studies of human cyclosporiasis (Escobedo et al, 2009;Almeria et al, 2019). In a more recent study in mice silver nanoparticles were effective against Cyclospora infection (Gaafar et al, 2019). This will draw attention to its potential for use as an alternative to the standard therapy in both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed hosts.…”

Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 97%

Advances in Cyclosporiasis Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention

Cui

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Cyclosporiasis is caused by the coccidian parasite Cyclospora cayetanensis and is associated with large and complex food-borne outbreaks worldwide. Associated symptoms include severe watery diarrhea, particularly in infants, and immune dysfunction. With the globalization of human food supply, the occurrence of cyclosporiasis has been increasing in both food growing and importing countries. As well as being a burden on the health of individual humans, cyclosporiasis is a global public health concern. Currently, no vaccine is available but early detection and treatment could result in a favorable clinical outcome. Clinical diagnosis is based on cardinal clinical symptoms and conventional laboratory methods, which usually involve microscopic examination of wet smears, staining tests, fluorescence microscopy, serological testing, or DNA testing for oocysts in the stool. Detection in the vehicle of infection, which can be fresh produce, water, or soil is helpful for case-linkage and source-tracking during cyclosporiasis outbreaks. Treatment with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) can evidently cure C. cayetanensis infection. However, TMP-SMX is not suitable for patients having sulfonamide intolerance. In such case ciprofloxacin, although less effective than TMP-SMX, is a good option. Another drug of choice is nitazoxanide that can be used in the cases of sulfonamide intolerance and ciprofloxacin resistance. More epidemiological research investigating cyclosporiasis in humans should be conducted worldwide, to achieve a better understanding of its characteristics in this regard. It is also necessary to establish in vitro and/or in vivo protocols for cultivating C. cayetanensis, to facilitate the development of rapid, convenient, precise, and economical detection methods for diagnosis, as well as more effective tracing methods. This review focuses on the advances in clinical features, diagnosis, and therapeutic intervention of cyclosporiasis.

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Section: Therapymentioning

confidence: 97%

Advances in Cyclosporiasis Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention

Cui

et al. 2020

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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“…Additionally, the specific cyclosporiasis drug treatment is based on the combination of two antibiotics, namely trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole or co-trimoxazole. Their action involves blocking two consecutive steps required for the biosynthesis of nucleic acids and proteins essential for the parasite by inhibiting tetrahydrofolic acid and dihydrofolic acid production, respectively [55].…”

Section: Small Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Therapies: An up-to-date Overview

et al. 2021

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Despite the many advancements in the pharmaceutical and medical fields and the development of numerous antimicrobial drugs aimed to suppress and destroy pathogenic microorganisms, infectious diseases still represent a major health threat affecting millions of lives daily. In addition to the limitations of antimicrobial drugs associated with low transportation rate, water solubility, oral bioavailability and stability, inefficient drug targeting, considerable toxicity, and limited patient compliance, the major cause for their inefficiency is the antimicrobial resistance of microorganisms. In this context, the risk of a pre-antibiotic era is a real possibility. For this reason, the research focus has shifted toward the discovery and development of novel and alternative antimicrobial agents that could overcome the challenges associated with conventional drugs. Nanotechnology is a possible alternative, as there is significant evidence of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity of nanomaterials and nanoparticles in particular. Moreover, owing to their considerable advantages regarding their efficient cargo dissolving, entrapment, encapsulation, or surface attachment, the possibility of forming antimicrobial groups for specific targeting and destruction, biocompatibility and biodegradability, low toxicity, and synergistic therapy, polymeric nanoparticles have received considerable attention as potential antimicrobial drug delivery agents. In this context, the aim of this paper is to provide an up-to-date overview of the most recent studies investigating polymeric nanoparticles designed for antimicrobial therapies, describing both their targeting strategies and their effects.

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“…Chitosan as nanosuspension has also shown lethal effects on Cryptosporidium oocysts [117]. Similarly, silver nanoparticles have also been shown to effectively reduced oocyst burden by triggering IFN-γ, without any adverse events as seen with standard therapeutic options [118].…”

Section: Nano-medicinal Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular Medicines for Parasitic Diseases

Singh¹

2021

Methods in Molecular Medicine

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Being the cause for significant amount of morbidities and mortalities, parasitic diseases remain the major challenge for the healthcare community due to the limitations associated with the current chemotherapeutics. Drug discovery/invention can be achieved by collaborative efforts of biotechnologists and pharmacists for identifying potential candidates and successfully turn them into medicine for improving the healthcare system. Although molecular medicine for disease intervention is still in its infancy, however, significant research works and successful trials in short span of time have made it broadly accepted among the scientific community. This chapter identifies different molecular medicine approaches for dealing with parasites that have been coming up on the horizon with the new technological advances in bioinformatics and in the field of omics. With the better understanding of the genomics, molecular medicine field has not only raised hopes to deal with parasitic infections but also accelerated the development of personalized medicine. This will provide a targeted approach for identifying the druggable targets and their pathophysiological importance for disease intervention.

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Silver nanoparticles as a therapeutic agent in experimental cyclosporiasis

Cited by 13 publications

References 63 publications

Advances in Cyclosporiasis Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention

Advances in Cyclosporiasis Diagnosis and Therapeutic Intervention

Polymeric Nanoparticles for Antimicrobial Therapies: An up-to-date Overview

Molecular Medicines for Parasitic Diseases

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