Silver Nanoparticle Incorporated Human Amniotic Membrane Gel Accelerates Second‐Degree Burn Wound Healing in Wister Rat

Abstract

Burn has terrible consequences for the affected patients, making them vulnerable to wound infections and septicemia, which results in physical and mental disability and death, necessitating superior treatment options. Human amniotic membrane (HAM) has been utilized in burn wounds for decades for its low immunogenicity, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties and for promoting epithelialization. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), on the other hand, have antimicrobial properties and promote fibroblast migration. This study aimed to determine the burn wound healing potential of HAM + AgNPs. The gel was prepared using HAM (1% and 2%), AgNPs, carbopol 934, acrylic acid, glycerine, and triethanolamine, and different physical properties (pH, water absorption, swelling variation, spreadability, etc.) of the gel were determined; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, antibacterial activity, brine shrimp lethality test, and histopathological observation were conducted. In vivo studies with Wistar rats demonstrated better healing capabilities than individual components of the gel. Wound contraction percentage after 20 days was 96.1 ± 0.27% which was highly significant ( p < 0.0001), and the epithelialization period was 23.67 ± 2.05 days ( p < 0.01) for HAM + AgNPs which was preferable to the positive control, AgNPs, HAM, and negative control; also, the histopathologic observation using hematoxylin and eosin, and Masson’s trichrome staining were showed the better healing progress for HAM + AgNPs. Both HAM and AgNPs had antibacterial activities against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. These results indicated that the formulated HAM + AgNPs gel had remarkable effectiveness in burn wound healing compared to others. Further studies will be conducted to determine the molecular mechanism behind wound healing.

Amnion as an Innovative Antiseptic Carrier: A Comparison of the Efficacy of Allogeneic and Xenogeneic Transplantations in the Context of Burn Therapy

“…These studies showed that the amniotic membrane significantly contributed to the acceptance of the graft on clean wounds, serving as external protection for the skin graft. The amniotic membrane can be used as an important dressing in the treatment of infected chronic wounds after burns due to its antibacterial properties [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. In our study, we also demonstrated the ability of the amniotic membrane to inhibit the growth of bacteria isolated from burn wounds, including methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA).…”

Amnion-derived hydrogels as a versatile platform for regenerative therapy: from lab to market

“…Similarly, the antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-angiogenic properties of silver NPs for the treatment of burn wounds have been shown in several studies ( Pourali and Yahyaei, 2016 ; Huang et al, 2022 ; Ajaykumar et al, 2023 ). For instance, Jhumi et al (2023) have shown that the incorporation of Ag NPs into AM gels accelerates the healing of second-degree burn wounds in terms of expedited re-epithelialization and elevated contraction. It is noteworthy that in this study and many others ( Rahman et al, 2019 ; Rana et al, 2020 ; Islam et al, 2023 ; Jhumi et al, 2023 ), AM tissue has been utilized without decellularization.…”

“…For instance, Jhumi et al (2023) have shown that the incorporation of Ag NPs into AM gels accelerates the healing of second-degree burn wounds in terms of expedited re-epithelialization and elevated contraction. It is noteworthy that in this study and many others ( Rahman et al, 2019 ; Rana et al, 2020 ; Islam et al, 2023 ; Jhumi et al, 2023 ), AM tissue has been utilized without decellularization.…”

“…For instance, the incorporation of gold nanorods in dAM hydrogels can be considered for improving electrical conductivity and enhancing the functionality and maturation of cardiomyocyte cells ( Zhang et al, 2019 ). The incorporation of TiO 2 and silver NPs can offer antibacterial properties for treating infected or burn wounds as well ( Islam et al, 2023 ; Jhumi et al, 2023 ). Other biocompatible nanomaterials, such as layered nanosilicates, are also usable for enhancing mechanical stability and printability ( Kafili et al, 2023b ).…”