Silver Ion-Selective Electrodes Using π-Coordinate Calix[4]arene Derivatives as Soft Neutral Carriers

Abstract

Calix[4]arene derivatives incorporating pi-coordinate substituents such as allyl, benzyl, and propargyl groups were designed as soft neutral carriers for silver ion sensors. Most of all, tert-butylcalix[4]arene tetra(allyl ether) is an excellent neutral carrier for plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)-membrane silver ion-selective electrodes. The ion sensors showed high silver ion selectivity over alkali metal ions and also good selectivity against other soft metal ions such as lead and mercury(II) ions. The electrode potential response was as rapid as that for neutral-carrier-type alkali metal ion electrodes due to the soft interaction between pi-coordinate substituents and silver ion, which was elucidated by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

Novel potentiometric and optical silver ion-selective sensors with subnanomolar detection limits

“…Nitrogen as coordinating site has been used only in a few cases such as in pyridophanes [20] or tetraazacrown ethers [21]. Another group of chelators, applied more recently in polymeric membrane electrodes [9,[22][23][24], is based on π-electrons as the coordinating sites for Ag + (see, e.g., [25,26]). Such ionophores seem especially attractive for Ag + -sensors, since π-electrons do not significantly interact with most of the other ions.…”

Potentiometric Determination of Silver(I) by Selective Membrane Electrode Based on Derivative of Porphyrin

“…14, [30][31][32][33][34][35] As is quite obvious from Table 3, in most cases, the slope, the linear range, the detection limit and the selectivity coefficients of the proposed electrode are superior to those of other electrodes reported in the literature.…”

“…The electrode had been repeatedly calibrated five times during a period of 1 month. During this time, the linear dynamic range and slope of electrode remained almost constant (Table 2).In Table 3, the response characteristics of the proposed electrode are compared with those of several recently reported electrodes that are selective for Ag + ion.14, [30][31][32][33][34][35] As is quite obvious from Table 3, in most cases, the slope, the linear range, the detection limit and the selectivity coefficients of the proposed electrode are superior to those of other electrodes reported in the literature. …”

Synthesis of Novel Calix[4]arenes Having Benzothiazolylacetamidoalkoxy Pendants and Their Potential Application as Ag+-selective Electrodes

“…4, 5 Kimura and coworkers reported calix [4]arene derivatives incorporating substituents such as allyl, benzyl and propargyl groups being used as soft neutral carrier for silver ion sensors. 6 Mercaptobenzothiazoleappended calix [4]arene was used as Ag + -ISE which showed the selectivity towards Ag + with good discrimination against Hg 2+ . 7 We are interested in the development of new Ag + receptors for use as ionophores in Ag + -selective electrodes.…”