Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Ethylene to Ethylene Oxide in a Microreaction System

Kestenbaum, H.; Oliveira, A. Lange de; Schmidt, Wolfgang; Schüth, Ferdi; Ehrfeld, W.; Gebauer, Klaus; Löwe, Holger; Richter, Th.; Lebiedz, Dirk; Untiedt, I.; Züchner, H.

doi:10.1021/ie010306u

Cited by 129 publications

(102 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…The low activity for small particles points to an intrinsic particle size effect. The overall trend in activity is in good agreement with literature where a similar sharp decline in turnover frequency at particle sizes below 60 nm was reported [1,2,25,53]. The observed turnover frequencies agree with those observed in academic as well as patent literature.…”

Section: Temperature Dependence Of Catalytic Performancesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Ethylene epoxidation using silver catalysts is an important industrial process with an annual worldwide production of ethylene oxide of 25 Á 10 6 ton in 2013 [1,2] Ethylene oxide (EO) is used as a disinfectant and sterilizing agent, but the most important consumption of EO is for hydration to ethylene glycol, which is the main component in antifreeze and a precursor for polyesters and polyurethanes [3]. The silver catalysts used for EO production in industry consist of promoted a-alumina supported silver particles with a size range of 100-1000 nm [1,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and particle size effects of Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts for ethylene epoxidation

Reijen

Kanungo

Welling

et al. 2017

Journal of Catalysis

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a-AluminaCatalyst design Ethylene oxide Particle size effect a b s t r a c t Currently, for the industrial ethylene epoxidation a-alumina supported silver catalysts are the only catalyst of choice. We demonstrate a novel method to produce these catalysts with different silver particle sizes, but without changing other key parameters that may affect the catalytic performance such as support specific surface area or metal precursor. a-Alumina was impregnated with a silver oxalate solution, and was subsequently dried and treated in different gas atmospheres and at different temperatures to tune the silver particle sizes in the range of 20-500 nm. Particles of 20 nm exhibited a lower turnover frequency than particles of 70 nm and larger, which exhibit a constant turnover frequency, in accordance with results in literature. However, the selectivity, when measured at constant conversion, was particle size independent. This is the first time that the effect of the particle size on the selectivity of ethylene epoxidation is reported at constant conversion. This was made possible by a new method of producing supported silver catalysts, which we expect that is also applicable for silver catalysts with other supports and for the preparation of other supported metal catalysts.

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Section: Temperature Dependence Of Catalytic Performancesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and particle size effects of Ag/α-Al2O3 catalysts for ethylene epoxidation

Reijen

Kanungo

Welling

et al. 2017

Journal of Catalysis

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“…Kestenbaum et al [79] used a multiplate-stacked microstructured reactor made of polycrystalline silver foil and reported the space-time yield as 0.…”

Section: Microreactor Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Process intensification in green synthesis

Kumar

Nigam

2012

Green Processing and Synthesis

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In the past few decades there has been an extensive increase in the research for green synthesis processes due to environmental concerns, industrial safety and sustainable development, which makes it an attractive alternative to the conventional synthesis processes. The interest of researchers in the green synthesis processes highlights the importance of understanding the mechanism and the fundamental differences between the different processes. The number of publications in the fi eld of " Green Synthesis " in journals, proceedings, patents, etc. has increased by almost 20 times from 2001 to 2010. The published reports are mainly concerned with green synthesis with catalytic processes, less harmful solvents and process intensifi ed techniques. In the present article, the technological development efforts in the area of green synthesis are summarized. Various techniques for green synthesis process intensifi cation are discussed, e.g., mixers, microreactors, spin disc reactor, oscillated fl ow reactors, microwave irradiation, ultrasonication, multifunctional membranes and coiled fl ow inverter. The applications of green synthesis processes for biofuel, nanoparticle, ionic liquids and pharmaceutical production are also discussed.

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“…The diffusive flux term on the RHS of eqn (4) is derived from Fick's 1 st law, where a flux is defined as the rate of fluid flow through a given area. As such the rate of diffusive mass transfer can be rearranged to give; (5) where A is the diffusion area.…”

Section: Basics Of Mixingmentioning

confidence: 99%