Silver-Catalyzed Oxidation of Atropine Drug by Cerium(IV) in Aqueous Perchlorate Solutions: A Kinetics and Mechanistic Approach

Abstract

The kinetics of oxidation of atropine drug (ATR) by cerium(IV) in aqueous perchlorate solutions in the presence of silver(I) catalyst has been studied spectrophotometrically at a constant ionic strength and temperature. The reaction showed first order dependence with respect to each [Ce(IV)] and [Ag(I)], and less than unit order kinetics with respect to [ATR]. The reaction exhibited negative fractional-first order kinetics with respect to [H + ]. Increasing ionic strength and dielectric constant of the medium increased the reaction rate. In the present work, the kinetically active species of cerium(IV) was found to be Ce(OH) 3+. Addition of Ce(III) product had no significant effect on the oxidation rate. The oxidation products of atropine were identified by spectral and chemical analyses as tropine, benzaldehyde, methanol and carbon dioxide. A plausible mechanistic scheme for the catalyzed oxidation was proposed. The activation parameters of the second order rate constant were calculated and the rate law associated with the reaction mechanism was derived.

Effective Treatment Methodology for Environmental Safeguard Catalytic Degradation of Fluconazole by Permanganate Ions in Different Acidic Environments: Kinetics, Mechanistics, RSM, and DFT Modeling

“…The safe disposal of waste that is harmful to the environment is one of the most prominent challenges at the present time, especially with the technological and industrial development. − Medications or medical drugs are chemical substances used to detect, remedy, or avoid diseases in human, animals, and plants. − While medical drugs are fundamentally essential, they are foreign substances to the human body and must be eliminated after showing their medical role via the drug metabolism process in which drugs undergo a certain chemical reaction such as oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis, and so forth. Drug metabolism may transform drugs to medically effective, ineffective, or toxic materials that are excreted into the ecosystem and water sites. − Since the structures of these metabolites comprise complex organic compounds which can also stay in the environment for a long time without removal, these metabolites can be deliberated as dangerous pollutants. − Consequently, there is a huge interest to recognize efficient green treating methods or techniques for the removal or degradation of these materials to protect the ecosystem and human health. − …”