Silver-110m and Cobalt-60 in Oceanic and Coastal Organisms

Folsom, T.R.; Young, D. R.

doi:10.1038/206803a0

Cited by 52 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…From this, the 8°Co in the viscera of a whale at its capture can he theoretically calculated at 2-8 mBq kg -1, if the whale feeds on squid with constant present-day levels of 6°Co. But this is not comparable with the present results of 15-40 mBqkg-L In fact, the level of ~°Co in the squid was much higher in the latter half of the 1960's (Folsom and Young, 1965) than at present. Possibly, these high contents of 6°Co have contributed to the present body burden of 6°Co in the whales.…”

Section: Specific Radioactivity In Prey and Predatorcontrasting

confidence: 82%

“…The 6°Co level in 10 specimens consisting of 7 species including giant squid was ~3.02-0.51 Bq kg -~ wet. Folsom and Young (1965) are the first workers to report 6°Co levels in squid livers and they obtained values of 44-140Bqkg -lwet. The levels were so high that they could detect ~°Co in only 9 g of wet specimen of liver, whereas nowadays raw materials in kg quantities are commonly required for detection of 8°Co.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The fallout of radionuclides peaked around 1964, and at this time ~°Co possibly occurred in fin whale livers, though in trace amounts. In fact, at that time s°Co and 6sZn were detected in the atmosphere (Perkins et al, 1964) and in various marine organisms apart from whales (Folsom and Young, 1965). It seems likely that the trace 8°Co peaks were overshadowed by the more prominent SsZn peak and the trace quantities of s°Co could not he detected by the counting techniques used in the 1960's.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Transfer of60Co from midwater squid to sperm whales

Umezu¹,

Ebihara

Minamisako³

et al. 1984

Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan

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Sperm whales are notable squid-eaters. They feed mainly on medium to largesized cephalopods at midwater levels and defecate near the surface. This suggests the existence of an upward transport of 8°Co by sperm whales from the mesopelagic zone (150-1,200 m). To elucidate this squid-whale route for this artificial radionuclide, 6°Co content was determined in squid and in predator whales captured by commercial whaling. In the Cephalopoda livers 8°Co levels of 30-500 mBq kg -~ wet were found and in the viscera of Odontoceti (toothed whales)15-40 mBqkg -~ wet. About 0.3 % of 8°Co ingested was estimated to be retained in a 23-year-old male sperm whale. In the livers of Bryde's whales, ~°Co levels of 40-80 mBqkg -~ wet were detected, but not in euphausiids and sardines, their possible prey. The level of Co in sperm whales was nearly the same as in Bryde's whales. Specific radioactivity 6°Co/SgCo in mBq pg-i was several times higher in sperm whale (1.1-1.6) than in cephalopods (0.19-0.77). Eating prey with a high content of 6°Co in the 1960's may have contributed to the present body burden in sperm whales with a long-life span. However, the origin of 8°Co in Bryde's whales is unknown.

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Section: Specific Radioactivity In Prey and Predatorcontrasting

confidence: 82%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Transfer of60Co from midwater squid to sperm whales

Umezu¹,

Ebihara

Minamisako³

et al. 1984

Journal of the Oceanographical Society of Japan

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“…Moreover, this organ accounted for 30% of the radioactivity of the fish in toto although it represents only 4.4% of the total body mass (Table IV). Concentration of ll~ in liver has also been reported in marine species sampled in situ (Folsom and Young, 1965;Jenkins, 1969, Folsom andHodge, 1974;Greig and Jones, 1976). Pouvreau and Amiard (1974) calculated a concentration factor of 320 in a marine fish, Blennis pholis.…”

Section: ~ Tissue Distributionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Uptake from water, depuration and tissue distribution of110mAg in a freshwater fish,Cyprinus carpio L.

Baudin

Garnier‐Laplace

Lambrechts

1994

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Abstract. Radionuclide accumulation was studied on a group of 20 fish maintained at 20 • 1 ~ in spring water containing 30 Bq mL -1 of 110mAg. Because of a very significant radionuclide adsorption onto available surfaces and in order to simulate chronic exposure, the water was completely renewed three times a week. Accumulation of 110mAg was slow, with an estimated time to maximum contamination level of 180 days. The concentration factor, calculated from the ratio of the integrals of the curves representing the radionuclide concentration in filtered water and in whole fish reached a maximum value of 106 (w.w.). After 41 days exposure, 10 fish were placed in non-labelled water, renewed daily, to follow 110mAg deputation. A two-compartment exponential model was fitted to the depuration data. The corresponding radionuclide half-lives were relatively short, 0.8 (Tbl) and 30 days (Tb2), and after 6 weeks the fish retained about 30% of their initial 110mAg content. The liver and digestive tract retained most ll0mAg. Although they only represented respectively about 4 and 10% of the total body mass, these two organs accounted for 30-40% of the total radionuclide body burden.

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“…Bivalve molluscs because of their source of food and method of feeding accumulate these radionuclides to , oncent rations that are higher I han those of the water (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8], Radiocesium and radiocobalt trom nuclear devi tations and from nuclear reactors and fuel reprocessing plants have 1…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation and Loss of Cobalt and Cesium by the Marine Clam, Mya Arenaria, Under Laboratory and Field Conditions.

Harrison¹

1972

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The accumulation ol Co and Cs by clams was followed in the laboratory in aquarium systems in which the levels of radioactive and stable cesium and cobalt were held constant. At 3-to 21-day intervals during the 6-month accumulation period, groups of 8 animals were removed from the water and their soft tissues were dissected into 7 different organs and tissues. The concentrations of both Co and Cs in the edible tissues increased rapidly and then levelled off at concentrations of Co that were about 200 times that of Che water and of Cs that were about 5 times that of the water. Variations in concentration among the body parts werf-larger for 60 Co than for 137 Cs.The effect of stable element concentration in water on the accumulation rates were assessed in groups of animals maintained in seawater containing 0. 5, 2. 5, and 12. 5 |j.gAitre each of stable cobalt and cesium. Little regulation of cesium accumulation was observed at these concentrations; the rates of accumulat ; on increased with the concentration in water. Some regulation of cobalt occurred at the high<_i concentrations. I he accumulation of Co and Cs was followed also in clams introduced into a discharge canal receiving radioactive waste from a boilingwater reactor. Groups of 6 animals were sampled at 3-week intervals and concentrations were measured in the pooled, total soft tissues. Results obtained in the field will be compared to those obtained in the laboratory. Loss ofCo and Cs was followed in animals that had accumulatrd a radioactive burden in the laboratory and then were transferred to unfiltered -2-oceanic water at a marine station. Loss of Co by the whole clam was 137 monophasic, that of Cs was biphasic.The kinetics of accumulation and loss were described by exponential equations. The rate constants of accumulation and toss and the steady-state concentration factors are being used in models to predict the dose to man from the consumption of animals exposed to radioactive releases.

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Silver-110m and Cobalt-60 in Oceanic and Coastal Organisms

Cited by 52 publications

References 4 publications

Transfer of60Co from midwater squid to sperm whales

Transfer of60Co from midwater squid to sperm whales

Uptake from water, depuration and tissue distribution of110mAg in a freshwater fish,Cyprinus carpio L.

Accumulation and Loss of Cobalt and Cesium by the Marine Clam, Mya Arenaria, Under Laboratory and Field Conditions.

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