"Silo-Filler's Disease"—a Syndrome Caused by Nitrogen Dioxide

Lowry, Thomas R.; Schuman, Leonard M.

doi:10.1001/jama.1956.02970200001001

Cited by 169 publications

(52 citation statements)

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“…These gases and acids may cause respiratory irritation because of their damaging effect on lung tissue. In humans, this can cause a disease with pneumonia-like symptoms, known as 'silo filler's disease' (20). Despite the abovementioned problems, some nitrate reduction is generally considered positive for silage quality, because the formed nitrite and nitric oxide are effective inhibitors of clostridia (35).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: A review

Driehuis¹,

Elferink²

2000

Veterinary Quarterly

154

137

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: A review

Driehuis¹,

Elferink²

2000

Veterinary Quarterly

154

137

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“…Nitrogen dioxide accumulation in grain elevators is associated with "silo filler's disease" which is characterized by massive and often lethal lung damage in exposed individuals (13). The free radical reactions of NO2 generally occur independently of light, while more stable species such as nitrite and metal nitrosyl complexes (e.g., nitroprusside) are converted, upon light exposure, to nitrosating species, such as NO' or nitrogen oxide radicals (14)(15)(16), which can subsequently react with nucleophiles to form nitroso compounds (14,1X. Exposure of plants to nitrogen dioxide in the dark causes acute injury and accumulation of nitrite, whereas simultaneous exposure to light reduces toxicity and nitrite formation (18,19).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Light-mediated conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide by carotenoids.

Cooney

Harwood

Custer

et al. 1994

Environ Health Perspect

134

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Plants are more susceptible to the toxic effects of nitrogen dioxide when exposure takes place in the dark. Beta-carotene and other common carotenoids react with nitrogen dioxide in the dark to yield intermediate nitrosating agents consistent with the formation of nitrate esters. Simultaneous exposure of carotenoids to NO2 and light significantly reduced formation of nitrosating intermediates and resulted in the release of nitric oxide (NO) into the gas phase. Light-mediated reduction of NO2 to NO by carotenoids may be an important mechanism for preventing damage in plants exposed to NO2. The formation of nitrosating agents from the reaction of carotenoids with NO2 suggests that their ability to prevent nirosative damage associated with NO2 exposure in both plants and animals may be limited in the absence of light. Images Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figure 4.

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“…Since LOWRY and SCHUMAN [17] in 1956 reported rapid improvement with the use of corticosteroids in two patients with bronchiolitis obliterans after exposure to silo gas, these therapeutic agents have been used both to treat and to prevent fume-related bronchiolitis. If treatment is to be effective, the need for early intervention in the course of the disease has been stressed [18].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organizing pneumonia in textile printing workers: a clinical description

Romero

Hernández²,

Gil³

et al. 1998

Eur Respir J

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In April 1992 an outbreak of severe respiratory illness occurred among aerographic textile workers in the area of Alcoi, Autonomous Community of Valencia, Spain. An epidemiological study linked this outbreak to the use of a reformulated aerosolized product, Acramin-FWN. We analyzed clinical, laboratory, and pathological data of the first 14 patients with confirmed organizing pneumonia (OP) secondary to this newly recognized occupational toxicant. The mean age of the patients was 30 yrs. The most common clinical findings were cough (86%), epistaxis (71%), dyspnoea (64%), oppressive chest pain (57%), and crackles (50%). A restrictive functional pattern was evident in 64%. Radiographic findings consisted predominantly of patchy infiltrates in 65% and a micronodular pattern in 35%. Treatment with corticosteroids did not prevent initial progression in 11 of the 14 patients and development of irreversible respiratory failure in five patients. At necropsy, besides features of OP, interstitial fibrosis and diffuse alveolar damage were evident. A low total lung capacity, the presence of crackles at admission, and increases in the alveolar-arterial oxygen difference were predictive of death. The organizing pneumonia caused by the inhalation of Acramin-FWN is characterized by a tendency to evolve into progressive interstitial fibrosis despite the use of corticosteroids. The illness is restricted to the respiratory system and once respiratory failure has developed the prognosis is poor.

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"Silo-Filler's Disease"—a Syndrome Caused by Nitrogen Dioxide

Cited by 169 publications

References 1 publication

The impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: A review

The impact of the quality of silage on animal health and food safety: A review

Light-mediated conversion of nitrogen dioxide to nitric oxide by carotenoids.

Organizing pneumonia in textile printing workers: a clinical description

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