Silk Road glass in Xinjiang, China: chemical compositional analysis and interpretation using a high-resolution portable XRF spectrometer

Liu, S.; Li, Q.H.; Gan, Fuxi; Zhang, P.; Lankton, James

doi:10.1016/j.jas.2012.02.035

Cited by 62 publications

(54 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(25 reference statements)

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“…This equipment shows good stability and the relative standard deviation (RSD) value for most of the major and minor elements detected ranges from 1% to 9% (Liu et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2013

Archaeometry

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A total of 33 ancient glass beads unearthed from the Kizil reservoir cemetery and Wanquan cemetery in Xinjiang are studied using Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy‐dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS) and other methods. The detailed study of the glassy matrices, the crystalline inclusions and the microstructural heterogeneities for these glass beads has revealed some valuable information to help in the understanding of their possible manufacturing technology and provenance. At least two different types of glass were present in the two cemeteries. For the first time, antimony‐based colourant/opacifier—for example, Pb2Sb2O7 or CaSb2O6—was systematically identified in some beads of plant‐ash type soda–lime glass dated to about 1000–500 bc. The limited number of potash glass beads from the Kizil reservoir cemetery, which were dated to about 500–300 bc, used tin oxide as an opacifier. The diverse resources of the soda–lime and potash glasses indicate the existence of a complex trade network between China and the West much earlier than the Western Han Dynasty.

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“…This equipment shows good stability and the relative standard deviation (RSD) value for most of the major and minor elements detected ranges from 1% to 9% (Liu et al . ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Liu

Zhao

et al. 2013

Archaeometry

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“…[28][29][30] With an X-ray beam spot of about 2.5 mm in diameter, the pXRF used only permits the determination of average chemical composition of the glass irradiated by the X-ray beam.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Egypt and Western Asia). It has been imported into Northwestern China [24,33] through the Silk Road during Western Zhou to the Spring and Autumn Period and then introduced to the Yellow River and the Yangtze River basin of the Chinese mainland [34][35][36][37] during the late Spring and Autumn to the early Warring States period. These colorful soda lime glass bead ornaments usually unearthed from the graves of nobles were generally valued as treasure to show identity and status.…”

Section: The Evolution Of Ancient Chinese Lead Barium Glassmentioning

confidence: 99%

The native development of ancient Chinese glassmaking: a case study on some early lead-barium-silicate glasses using a portable XRF spectrometer

Dong

Liu

2015

X-Ray Spectrom.

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In this paper, a portable energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer was used for the nondestructive analysis of 41 leadbarium-silicate glass artifacts dated from the Warring States Period to the Han Dynasties (475 BC-220 AD). These glasses mainly are ornament, funeral and ritual vessels unearthed from different provinces of China. Based on the chemical compositions obtained, the affects of surface weathering on the quantitative results, the characteristics of chemical compositions and the colorants were discussed. Meanwhile, referred to the research results reported and historical background, the raw materials, the distribution, the cause, the origin and the production center of the lead barium glass were also discussed. The present research provides new valuable information for tracing the origin and transfer of glassmaking techniques of ancient China.

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“…This technique has been widely used in many industrial, environmental, geological, and archeological investigations. During the past ten years, the use of portable XRF spectrometers has increased for many, relatively non-destructive applications that generate fast results in analyses of major and trace elements in tested samples [10,24,[50][51][52][53].…”

Section: Lasers and Analytical Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies of the Iranian medieval ceramics surface modified by pulsed tea CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers

Polić

Ristić²,

Stašić³

et al. 2015

Ceramics International

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Silk Road glass in Xinjiang, China: chemical compositional analysis and interpretation using a high-resolution portable XRF spectrometer

Cited by 62 publications

References 20 publications

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

Characterization of some ancient glass beads unearthed from theKizil reservoir andWanquan cemeteries inXinjiang,China

The native development of ancient Chinese glassmaking: a case study on some early lead-barium-silicate glasses using a portable XRF spectrometer

Studies of the Iranian medieval ceramics surface modified by pulsed tea CO2 and Nd:YAG lasers

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