Silk fibroin nanoparticles dyeing indocyanine green for imaging-guided photo-thermal therapy of glioblastoma

Abstract

Silk was easily dyed in traditional textile industry because of its strong affinity to many colorants. Herein, the biocompatible silk fibroin was firstly extracted from Bombyx mori silkworm cocoons. And SF nanoparticles (SFNPs) were prepared for dyeing indocyanine green (ICG) and construct a therapeutic nano-platform (ICG-SFNPs) for photo-thermal therapy of glioblastoma. ICG was easily encapsulated into SFNPs with a very high encapsulation efficiency reaching to 97.7 ± 1.1%. ICG-SFNPs exhibited a spherical morphology with a mean particle size of 209.4 ± 1.4 nm and a negative zeta potential of −31.9 mV, exhibiting a good stability in physiological medium. Moreover, ICG-SFNPs showed a slow release profile of ICG in vitro, and only 24.51 ± 2.27% of the encapsulated ICG was released even at 72 h. Meanwhile, ICG-SFNPs exhibited a more stable photo-thermal effect than free ICG after exposure to near-infrared irradiation. The temperature of ICG-SFNPs rapidly increased by 33.9 °C within 10 min and maintained for a longer time. ICG-SFNPs were also easily internalized with C6 tumor cells in vitro, and a strong red fluorescence of ICG was observed in cytoplasm for cellular imaging. In vivo imaging showed that ICG-SFNPs were effectively accumulated inside tumor site of C6 glioma-bearing Xenograft nude mice through vein injection. Moreover, the temperature of tumor site was rapidly rising up to kill tumor cells after local NIR irradiation. After treatment, its growth was completely suppressed with the relative tumor volume of 0.55 ± 033 while free ICG of 33.72 ± 1.90. Overall, ICG-SFNPs may be an effective therapeutic means for intraoperative phototherapy and imaging.

Advanced Nanotechnology Leading the Way to Multimodal Imaging‐Guided Precision Surgical Therapy

“…[183,244,[318][319][320][321][322][323] Compared with conventional radiotherapy, PTT has the advantage in specificity without radiation and can potentially be an alternative to radiotherapy. [183,244,[318][319][320][321][322][323] Compared with conventional radiotherapy, PTT has the advantage in specificity without radiation and can potentially be an alternative to radiotherapy.…”

Cross-linked nanoparticles of silk fibroin with proanthocyanidins as a promising vehicle of indocyanine green for photo-thermal therapy of glioma

“…Silk fibroin solution was extracted by using the method previously described [10]. Briefly, B. mori cocoons were cut into pieces and immersed in Na 2 CO 3 solution (0.02 M).…”

“…Silk fibroin, a natural biocompatible macromolecular protein has been widely used in many fields such as tissue engineering [8] and drug delivery [9] due to its good biocompatibility and high drug encapsulation efficiency. In our previous research, nanoparticle of silk fibroin (SFNPs) was found to firmly bind ICG with high loading efficiencies for imaging-guided photothermal therapy of GBM [10]. However, because of its crystalline core and amorphous shell structure, SFNPs tended to easily aggregate in the physiologic condition, which exhibited a limit prolonging half-lives of ICG in vivo.…”

Nano-Therapies for Glioblastoma Treatment

“…Photothermal therapy (PTT), where nanoparticles such as gold or iron oxide are exposed to near infra-red light (e.g., at 808 nm), absorbing this light and transforming it into localized heat through plasmonic effect, leading to the selective photothermal destruction of GBM cells at typical temperatures of 50-60 • C [35,[100][101][102][103].…”

“…More specifically, it has been demonstrated that complexes formed by Angiogenin (ANG) and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) resulted in anti-angiogenic behavior towards GBM tumor cells [112]. Nano-formulated Tetrac led to devascularization of GBM tumor vessels (i.e., a 95% loss of tumoral vascularity in mice bearing GBM xenografts) [103], while graphite/graphene nanoparticles yielded a decreased concentration of intracellular ROS and RNS, hence affecting a series of mechanisms involved in the promotion of angiogenesis [115].…”