Silk-based flexible electronics and smart wearable Textiles: Progress and beyond

Xing, Tonghe; He, Annan; Huang, Zhiyu; Luo, Yuxin; Zhang, Yu; Wang, Mengqi; Shi, Zhicheng; Ke, Guizhen; Bai, Jie; Zhao, Shichao; Chen, Fengxiang; Xu, Weilin

doi:10.1016/j.cej.2023.145534

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 240 publications

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“…Silk has been used extensively in medicine and bioengineering owing to its exceptional biocompatibility, adaptable structure, and biodegradable properties. [ 110 ] Silk contains 70% fibroin fibers and 25% sericin, and silk fibroin (SF) comprises unique structures with outstanding mechanical properties and biocompatibility; as a result, these materials have garnered widespread attention in the field of flexible electronics. [ 111 ] SF combined with conductive polymers could improve the mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and antibacterial properties of such devices.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pursuing Superhydrophobic Flexible Strain Sensors: From Design to Applications

Yao,

Lin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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Flexible strain sensors are being increasingly applied as wearable electronic materials owing to their functional characteristics (e.g., light weight, stretchability, wearability), which highlight their enormous potential in health monitoring and medical care. However, challenges related to signal distortion and corrosion risks arise when they are used under extreme or harsh conditions. Superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors combine the water‐repellent, anticorrosion, and anti‐fouling features of the superhydrophobic coating with the high ductility and high sensitivity of the flexible strain sensor, thereby broadening the application scope of strain sensors, especially for underwater wearable sensing. However, the underwater sensing applications of superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors have not yet been thoroughly summarized. This review presents the key performance parameters and design strategies of superhydrophobic flexible strain sensors, with an emphasis on the diverse applications for underwater sensing.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pursuing Superhydrophobic Flexible Strain Sensors: From Design to Applications

Yao,

Lin,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Adv Materials Technologies

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“…This conductivity value falls within the range reported in the literature for conductive fibers commonly used in the fabrication of various electronic devices. For example, the study by Bai and co-workers . utilized a nanocoating technique to apply graphene oxide to agave fibers, which, after reduction, resulted in a conductivity range from 0.1 to 83.2 S/cm.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the study by Bai and co-workers. 23 utilized a nanocoating technique to apply graphene oxide to agave fibers, which, after reduction, resulted in a conductivity range from 0.1 to 83.2 S/ cm. In comparison, our research achieved an average conductivity for silk fibers treated with rGO.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biofabrication of Silk Fibers with Enhanced Conductivity through Silkworm Feeding with Reduced Graphene Oxide: Implications for Smart Textile Innovations

Moraila-Martinez,

Rodríguez-Ortega,

Rodriguez

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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In this study, we present an innovative research within the intersection of biotechnology, materials science, and electronics by presenting an approach to enhance the electrical characteristics of silk fibers. By feeding silkworms with mulberry leaves infused with reduced graphene oxide (rGO), we achieved the integration of the nanomaterial into the biopolymer matrix of silk fibers. Through comprehensive spectroscopic analyses, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Raman spectroscopy, we confirmed the incorporation of rGO into the silk fiber structure. Key findings emphasize a significant hydrogen interaction between the hydroxyl groups of rGO and the NH groups of silk. This molecular interaction not only bolsters the conductivity of the fibers but also maintains the natural silk's coloration. Electrical characterization revealed a temperature-dependent conductivity pattern. Significantly, this behavior adheres to the variable range hopping (VRH) formalism, suggesting a T ( ) 1/4 temperature relationship. Notably, a conductivity of approximately σ =4 × 10 −3 S/m was achieved in the modified fibers. This study represents a significant advancement in the innovation of electronic textiles by enhancing the electrical properties of silk fibers. The introduction of nanomaterial opens new opportunities for its implementation in the field of smart textiles, providing improved electronic properties that have the potential to transform the apparel industry.

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“…30,31 In addition, body fluids can be extracted when MNs are inserted into tissues to detect physiologically relevant analytes. 32 Combining MNs with other technologies, such as stimulus-responsive materials, 33 smart electronics, and wearable devices, 34 provides a more efficient and sustainable solution for the application of micro-and nanoscale energy systems. 35 MNs introduce microscale roughness, thereby increasing the likelihood of mechanical interlocking between MNs and the contacting surface.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They enable the delivery of therapeutic drugs from small-molecule drugs to large-molecule biologics and even living cells. , In addition, body fluids can be extracted when MNs are inserted into tissues to detect physiologically relevant analytes . Combining MNs with other technologies, such as stimulus-responsive materials, smart electronics, and wearable devices, provides a more efficient and sustainable solution for the application of micro- and nanoscale energy systems . MNs introduce microscale roughness, thereby increasing the likelihood of mechanical interlocking between MNs and the contacting surface. − By increasing the surface roughness of MNs, the generation of frictional charges can be enhanced, consequently optimizing the energy harvesting capabilities of SF-TENGs .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silk Fibroin-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Biomedical Applications

Gan,

Wei,

Zhou

et al. 2024

ACS Appl. Nano Mater.

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Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) developed from eco-friendly natural materials rather than traditional electronic materials are more favorable for biocompatible applications and for use in sustainable life-cycle analysis. Silk fibroin (SF) has emerged as an abundant natural biomaterial that shows great potential in the preparation of TENGs. Silk-based triboelectric nanogenerators (SF-TENGs) have green energy harvesting properties, are environmentally friendly, are biocompatible, are not fully present in conventional TENGs, and are important for the next generation of selfpowered electronic devices. In this review, the latest progress in SF-TENGs, including their applied materials, structural properties, manufacturing processes, and application scenarios, is discussed. These SF-TENGs show great potential for use in emerging energy and electronic applications as well as smart living and medical assistance. In addition, the potential value of SF-TENGs has been further explored, and the possibility and main challenges of expanding and applying SF-TENGs to the field of microneedles (MNs) are discussed.

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Silk-based flexible electronics and smart wearable Textiles: Progress and beyond

Cited by 24 publications

References 240 publications

Pursuing Superhydrophobic Flexible Strain Sensors: From Design to Applications

Pursuing Superhydrophobic Flexible Strain Sensors: From Design to Applications

Biofabrication of Silk Fibers with Enhanced Conductivity through Silkworm Feeding with Reduced Graphene Oxide: Implications for Smart Textile Innovations

Silk Fibroin-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators for Energy Harvesting and Biomedical Applications

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