Silk

Asakura, Tetsuo; Kametani, Shunsuke; Suzuki, Yuichi

doi:10.1002/0471440264.pst339.pub2

Cited by 11 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…Spider dragline silks are synthesized in ampullate glands located in the abdomen and spun through a series of orifices (spinnerets) [2][3][4][5]. The silk fiber originating in the major ampullate gland has been the most studied.…”

Section: Major Ampullate Silk Fiber Of N Clavipes and Their 13 C Solid-state Nmr Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are a variety of silkworms and spiders, each producing silk with unique primary and higher order structures [1,2]. Over nearly 400 million years, orb-web weaving spiders have evolved the ability to produce up to six different silks and one glue-like substance that possesses amazing, yet unique, mechanical properties as summarized in Figure 1 [2][3][4][5]. Among the spider silks, spider dragline silks have very excellent mechanical properties such as the combination of high strength and high toughness [1][2][3][4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structure and Dynamics of Spider Silk Studied with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Asakura¹

2020

Molecules

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This review will introduce very recent studies using solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation on the structure and dynamics of spider dragline silks conducted by the author’s research group. Spider dragline silks possess extraordinary mechanical properties by combining high tensile strength with outstanding elongation before breaking, and therefore continue to attract attention of researchers in biology, biochemistry, biophysics, analytical chemistry, polymer technology, textile technology, and tissue engineering. However, the inherently non-crystalline structure means that X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction methods provide only limited information because it is difficult to study the molecular structure of the amorphous region. The most detailed picture of the structure and dynamics of the silks in the solid state experimentally have come from solid-state NMR measurements coupled with stable isotope labeling of the silks and the related silk peptides. In addition, combination of solid-state NMR and MD simulation was very powerful analytical tools to understand the local conformation and dynamics of the spider dragline silk in atomic resolution. In this review, the author will emphasize how solid-state NMR and MD simulation have contributed to a better understanding of the structure and dynamics in the spider dragline silks.

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Section: Major Ampullate Silk Fiber Of N Clavipes and Their 13 C Solid-state Nmr Spectramentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure and Dynamics of Spider Silk Studied with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Asakura¹

2020

Molecules

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Silk fibroin (SF) is a natural protein produced by the silkworm and is well-known as an excellent textile material (Asakura et al, 2018 ). The SF fibers possess excellent mechanical properties owing to a combination of high tensile strength and breaking strain (Fu et al, 2009 ; Koh et al, 2015 ; Asakura et al, 2018 ). Over the past decades, significant experimental and theoretical efforts have been made to understand the relationship between the structure and the properties of the SF fibers, with some success (Fu et al, 2009 ; Koh et al, 2015 ; Pereira et al, 2015 ; Asakura et al, 2020a , b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of Small-Diameter Elastin-Silk Fibroin Vascular Grafts

Tsuruo

Abe

Cheng

et al. 2021

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Globally, increasing mortality from cardiovascular disease has become a problem in recent years. Vascular replacement has been used as a treatment for these diseases, but with blood vessels <6 mm in diameter, existing vascular grafts made of synthetic polymers can be occluded by thrombus formation or intimal hyperplasia. Therefore, the development of new artificial vascular grafts is desirable. In this study, we developed an elastin (EL)–silk fibroin (SF) double-raschel knitted vascular graft 1.5 mm in diameter. Water-soluble EL was prepared from insoluble EL by hydrolysis with oxalic acid. Compared to SF, EL was less likely to adhere to platelets, while vascular endothelial cells were three times more likely to adhere. SF artificial blood vessels densely packed with porous EL were fabricated, and these prevented the leakage of blood from the graft during implantation, while the migration of cells after implantation was promoted. Several kinds of 13C solid-state NMR spectra were observed with the EL–SF grafts in dry and hydrated states. It was noted that the EL molecules in the graft had very high mobility in the hydrated state. The EL–SF grafts were implanted into the abdominal aorta of rats to evaluate their patency and remodeling ability. No adverse reactions, such as bleeding at the time of implantation or disconnection of the sutured ends, were observed in the implanted grafts, and all were patent at the time of extraction. In addition, vascular endothelial cells were present on the graft's luminal surface 2 weeks after implantation. Therefore, we conclude that EL–SF artificial vascular grafts may be useful where small-diameter grafts are required.

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“…Silk is the most distinguished textile in the world. It has a natural luster and is popularly known as the “Queen of Textiles” [1]. Silk is a product of sericulture, which is produced from silkworm or Bombyx mori, which means “silkworm of the black mulberry tree” [2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Multi-Sensor System for Silkworm Cocoon Gender Classification via Image Processing and Support Vector Machine

Raj

Sundaram

Mahesh³

et al. 2019

Sensors

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Sericulture is traditionally a labor-intensive rural-based industry. In modern contexts, the development of process automation faces new challenges related to quality and efficiency. During the silkworm farming life cycle, a common issue is represented by the gender classification of the cocoons. Improper cocoon separation negatively affects quantity and quality of the yield resulting in disruptive bottlenecks for the productivity. To tackle this issue, this paper proposes a multi sensor system for silkworm cocoons gender classification and separation. Utilizing a load sensor and a digital camera, the system acquires weight and digital images from individual silkworm cocoons. An image processing procedure is then applied to extract significant shape-related features from each image instance, which, combined with the weight data, are provided as inputs to train a Support Vector Machine-based pattern classifier for gender classification. Subsequently, an air blower mechanism and a conveyor system sort the cocoons into their respective bins. The developed system was trained and tested on two different types of silkworm cocoons breeds, respectively CSR2 and Pure Mysore. The system performances are finally discussed in terms of accuracy, robustness and computation time.

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Silk

Cited by 11 publications

References 112 publications

Structure and Dynamics of Spider Silk Studied with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Structure and Dynamics of Spider Silk Studied with Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Molecular Dynamics Simulation

Development of Small-Diameter Elastin-Silk Fibroin Vascular Grafts

A Multi-Sensor System for Silkworm Cocoon Gender Classification via Image Processing and Support Vector Machine

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