Silicon photonic phase interrogators for on-chip calibration of optical phased arrays

Kjellman, Jon Øyvind; Prost, Mathias; Marinins, Aleksandrs; Tyagi, H. K.; Kongnyuy, Tangla D.; Kerman, Sarp; Troia, Benedetto; Figeys, Bruno; Dwivedi, Sarvagya; Dahlem, M.; Soussan, Philippe; Rottenberg, Xavier; Jansen, Roelof

doi:10.1117/12.2546542

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…7 Using calibration algorithms, one can build a look-up table for the state of each of the phase shifters versus the desired far-field profile and direction. 8 Using a 2D array of antennas represents a massive challenge in terms of control, footprint and power consumption, as the number of antennas increases dramatically, and it becomes more complicated to feed the signal into the many antennas.…”

Section: Opa Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

Kandil,

Dahlem,

Bogaerts

2024

Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits 2024

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A solid-state FMCW LiDAR system on a photonic chip can be subdivided into its scanning engine and ranging engine. The scanning engine consists of the laser source and beam steering optics, while the ranging engine consists of a modulated transmitted signal and a coherent receiver. Here, we present the practical considerations of using the wavelength of a swept laser source for both FMCW ranging and beam steering through a dispersive optical phased array (DOPA). Controlling both functions with a single variable (the laser wavelength) is very attractive from a system perspective. The DOPA maps the wavelength injected in its input port to a unique spot in the far-field. Thanks to reciprocity, this mapping also works in reverse and so the reflected beam is sent back to the same input port. Consequently, the DOPA not only provides a simple mechanism for the steering and receiving optics, but also a strong rejection of unwanted signals, since the DOPA acts both as a spatial and a spectral filter. Steering based on sweeping the wavelength can be combined with the frequency ramping for FMCW ranging. The sweep rate and tuning range of the laser determines the far-field coverage, as well as the depth resolution and precision of the ranging engine. The design freedom of the system can be extended by feeding multiple lasers in parallel into the DOPA, without the need for extra wavelength filters. The use of multiple lasers simultaneously (each illuminating different far-field locations), combined with the discretized DOPA architecture, represents a promising approach to system scalability. We analyze the trade-offs and constraints arising in our system, due to the coupling of the parameters of the scanning engine and the ranging engine. In addition, we model the imperfections along the path of the optical signal, starting from its generation by the tunable laser up to its detection on the coherent receiver. The model is then used to analyze the impact of the system parameters on the LiDAR performance metrics.

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Section: Opa Implementationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

Kandil,

Dahlem,

Bogaerts

2024

Smart Photonic and Optoelectronic Integrated Circuits 2024

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“…Nevertheless, as the waveguide spacing diminishes, thermal crosstalk between the waveguides intensifies. This, in conjunction with inevitable process errors and the influence of environmental noise, results in phase errors within the optical phased array [3]. It has an effect on the propagation of the outgoing beam in the far-field, making exact localization of the main lobe difficult.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Accelerating optical phased array calibration with improved SPGD algorithm

Shi,

Cheng,

Chen

et al. 2024

J. Phys.: Conf. Ser.

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As a new type of beam pointing control technology, optical phased array has broad application prospects in the fields of laser radar and beam synthesis. However, the phase error in practical application brings great difficulties to beam detection and deflection, which must be calibrated. In this paper, a SPGD algorithm combined with Adam algorithm (ASPGD) is proposed and compared with the traditional optimization algorithm. The results show that the improved SPGD algorithm can double the convergence speed and increase the cosine similarity value by about 10%.

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“…Owing to the recent advancement of silicon photonics and III-V heterogeneous integration technologies, ultra-compact single-chip OPA-based emitters with integrated laser sources and optical amplifiers are also feasible [35]. In addition, various techniques for monitoring and calibrating the optical field generated by an integrated OPA have been demonstrated to produce high-quality illumination patterns in real time [36][37][38].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single-Pixel Imaging Using Carrier-Depletion Optical Phased Array With Reduced Phase Shift Requirement

et al. 2021

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The optical-phased array (OPA) has gained special interest in recent years as a high-speed and compact imaging device. While large-scale OPAs have been demonstrated in singlepixel imaging, the complexity of the driver circuit is becoming a crucial problem as the number of phase shifters increases. Here, we investigate the phase shift requirement of OPA for single-pixel imaging and demonstrate, for the first time, that full 2 phase shifts are not mandatory to generate a set of illumination patterns with a sufficient degree of randomness required to reconstruct the image. Using a silicon photonic OPA chip with 128 carrierdepletion-based phase shifters, we experimentally confirm this property by successfully retrieving an image under a maximum phase shift of only 1.5 without affecting the quality of the image. Consequently, the input voltage can be reduced significantly. Since the carrier-depletion phase shifters generally require high driving voltages, this finding paves the way to high-speed OPA-based imaging with a minimum device requirement.

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Silicon photonic phase interrogators for on-chip calibration of optical phased arrays

Cited by 11 publications

References 7 publications

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

System trade-offs in a swept source FMCW LiDAR with dispersive OPA beam steering

Accelerating optical phased array calibration with improved SPGD algorithm

Single-Pixel Imaging Using Carrier-Depletion Optical Phased Array With Reduced Phase Shift Requirement

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