Silicon nutrition mitigates salinity stress in maize by modulating ion accumulation, photosynthesis, and antioxidants

Khan, Waqas–ud–Din; Aziz, Tariq; Maqsood, Muhammad; Farooq, Muhammad Awais; Abdullah, Y.; Ramzani, Pia Muhammad Adnan; Bilal, Hafiz Muhammad

doi:10.1007/s11099-018-0812-x

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…Likewise, Bosnic et al (2018) reported that the Na + concentration of Si-treated maize was higher than that found in Si-untreated plants after 14 days of salt stress, with Na + being sequestered into the vacuoles. In contrast, Khan et al (2018) showed reduced tissue levels of Na + in maize but the effect depended on both genotype and the plant organ and similar observations are plentiful in the literature ( Supplementary Table 2 ).…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Si-induced Drought and Salt Tolerancesupporting

confidence: 82%

“…This paper ‘bucks the trend’ of Si-induced reductions in shoot Na + levels (e.g. Khan et al, 2018 for maize) and reported increased levels of leaf Na + . This makes it most likely that the changes in transcript level are due to altered Na + fluxes and concentrations, rather than a direct effect of Si, since there is good evidence for salt induced transcriptional regulation of SOS, HKT , and NHX .…”

Section: Contrasting Results From Omics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

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Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops?

2020

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Salinity affects around 20% of all arable land while an even larger area suffers from recurrent drought. Together these stresses suppress global crop production by as much as 50% and their impacts are predicted to be exacerbated by climate change. Infrastructure and management practices can mitigate these detrimental impacts, but are costly. Crop breeding for improved tolerance has had some success but is progressing slowly and is not keeping pace with climate change. In contrast, Silicon (Si) is known to improve plant tolerance to a range of stresses and could provide a sustainable, rapid and cost-effective mitigation method. The exact mechanisms are still under debate but it appears Si can relieve salt stress via accumulation in the root apoplast where it reduces "bypass flow of ions to the shoot. Si-dependent drought relief has been linked to lowered root hydraulic conductance and reduction of water loss through transpiration. However, many alternative mechanisms may play a role such as altered gene expression and increased accumulation of compatible solutes. Oxidative damage that occurs under stress conditions can be reduced by Si through increased antioxidative enzymes while Si-improved photosynthesis has also been reported. Si fertilizer can be produced relatively cheaply and to assess its economic viability to improve crop stress tolerance we present a cost-benefit analysis. It suggests that Si fertilization may be beneficial in many agronomic settings but may be beyond the means of smallholder farmers in developing countries. Si application may also have disadvantages, such as increased soil pH, less efficient conversion of crops into biofuel and reduced digestibility of animal fodder. These issues may hamper uptake of Si fertilization as a routine agronomic practice. Here, we critically evaluate recent literature, quantifying the most significant physiological changes associated with Si in plants under drought and salinity stress. Analyses show that metrics associated with photosynthesis, water balance and oxidative stress all improve when Si is present during plant exposure to salinity and drought. We further conclude that most of these changes can be explained by apoplastic roles of Si while there is as yet little evidence to support biochemical roles of this element.

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Section: Mechanisms Of Si-induced Drought and Salt Tolerancesupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Contrasting Results From Omics Studiesmentioning

confidence: 75%

Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops?

2020

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“…Salinity-induced water insufficiency and nutrient such as Ca 2+ , K + , Fe 2+ , and Zn 2+ deficiency within plants leads to photosynthesis disruption and oxidative stress [13]. Overall, salinity causes the reduction of leaf area, stomatal conductance, and chlorophyll levels in the plants [14] and promotes the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foliar Application of Auxin or Cytokinin Can Confer Salinity Stress Tolerance in Vicia faba L.

2021

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Soil salinity severely declines the availability of water and essential minerals to the plants, which hinders growth. The present study evaluates the potential roles of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 6-benzyladenine (BA) for mitigating the adverse effects of soil-salinity in faba bean (Vicia faba L.). Plants were exposed to 150 mM NaCl stress and were sprayed with IAA (1.15 mM) or BA (0.9 mM). Our results revealed that foliar application of IAA or BA improved the growth traits of salinized faba bean due to the increased uptake of K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions, accumulation of free amino acids, soluble sugars, and soluble proteins, and activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and ascorbate peroxidase. The principal component analysis (PCA) and heatmap clustering indicated that salinity-exposed plants exhibited lower growth and biomass production, which correlated with higher accumulation of Na+ and malondialdehyde. Moreover, electrophoretic patterns of protein showed new bands in IAA- or BA-treated salt-stressed plants, indicating that IAA or BA treatment can reprogram the metabolic processes to confer salinity tolerance. We also found that IAA has a greater capacity to ameliorate the salt stress than BA, although there is no significant difference in yield between these treatments. Finally, these findings can be helpful for a better understanding of IAA- and BA-mediated salt tolerance mechanisms and increasing production of faba bean in saline soils.

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“…Si is coming to the fore as a true “Cinderella” element (Artyszak, 2018), gaining interest among scientists from across the world because of its effective role in plant physiology, nutrition, and defense response. The valuable role of exogenous Si on plant growth and yield has been well-documented in the literature, but its true potential lies in the amelioration of abiotic and biotic stresses (Rodrigues and Datnoff, 2015; Khan et al, 2018; Wu et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon and Salinity: Crosstalk in Crop-Mediated Stress Tolerance Mechanisms

et al. 2019

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Salinity stress hinders the growth potential and productivity of crop plants by influencing photosynthesis, disturbing the osmotic and ionic concentrations, producing excessive oxidants and radicals, regulating endogenous phytohormonal functions, counteracting essential metabolic pathways, and manipulating the patterns of gene expression. In response, plants adopt counter mechanistic cascades of physio-biochemical and molecular signaling to overcome salinity stress; however, continued exposure can overwhelm the defense system, resulting in cell death and the collapse of essential apparatuses. Improving plant vigor and defense responses can thus increase plant stress tolerance and productivity. Alternatively, the quasi-essential element silicon (Si)—the second-most abundant element in the Earth’s crust—is utilized by plants and applied exogenously to combat salinity stress and improve plant growth by enhancing physiological, metabolomic, and molecular responses. In the present review, we elucidate the potential role of Si in ameliorating salinity stress in crops and the possible mechanisms underlying Si-associated stress tolerance in plants. This review also underlines the need for future research to evaluate the role of Si in salinity stress in plants and the identification of gaps in the understanding of this process as a whole at a broader field level.

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Silicon nutrition mitigates salinity stress in maize by modulating ion accumulation, photosynthesis, and antioxidants

Cited by 56 publications

References 35 publications

Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops?

Is Silicon a Panacea for Alleviating Drought and Salt Stress in Crops?

Foliar Application of Auxin or Cytokinin Can Confer Salinity Stress Tolerance in Vicia faba L.

Silicon and Salinity: Crosstalk in Crop-Mediated Stress Tolerance Mechanisms

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