Silicon nitride enhances osteoprogenitor cell growth and differentiation via increased surface energy and formation of amide and nanocrystalline HA for craniofacial reconstruction

Awad, Kamal; Ahuja, Neelam; Shah, Ami; Tran, Henry D.; Aswath, Pranesh B.; Brotto, Marco; Varanasi, Venu

doi:10.1002/mds3.10032

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…Our goal in the prior work was to determine whether a ceramic silicon nitride could produce possible non‐cellular‐driven mineral formation to assess the potential to form a direct bond with Ca‐P aggregates in a similar role as that of Ti‐fixative plates. We found that such an effect was comparable with titanium and slightly elevated the potential (in vitro) growth of such aggregates on PEEK (Awad, et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The samples were immersed in 100% ethanol and ultrasonicated for 5 min to remove any possible surface debris. Sterilization was achieved as previously described (Awad, et al, 2019) using gas sterilization with ethylene oxide for 12 h, and then, vacuum desiccation was performed for 24 h to remove any residual absorbed ethylene oxide gas. Surface cleaning and sterilization were conducted at standard temperature and pressure (i.e.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A comparative study on silicon nitride, titanium and polyether ether ketone on mouse pre‐osteoblast cells

et al. 2021

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The current study provides more insights about the surface bioactivity of the silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4) as a potential candidate for bone regeneration in craniofacial and orthopaedic applications compared with conventional implantation materials. Current skeletal reconstructive materials such as titanium and polyether ether ketone (PEEK) are limited by poor long-term stability, biocompatibility and prolonged healing. Si 3 N 4 is an FDA-approved material for an intervertebral spacer in spinal fusion applications. It is biocompatible and has antimicrobial properties. Here, we hypothesize that Si 3 N 4 was found to be an osteoconductive material and conducts the growth, differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells for extracellular matrix deposition, mineralization and eventual bone regeneration for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications. MC3T3-E1 cells were used to study the osteoblastic differentiation and mineralization on sterile samples of Si 3 N 4 , titanium alloy and PEEK. The samples were then analysed for extracellular matrix deposition and mineralization by FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, SEM, EDX, Alizarin Red, qRT-PCR and ELISA. The in vitro study indicates the formation of collagen fibres and mineral deposition on all three sample surfaces. There was more profound and faster ECM deposition and mineralization on Si 3 N 4 surface as compared to titanium and PEEK. The FTIR and Raman spectroscopy show formation of collagen and mineral deposition at 30 days for Si 3 N 4 and titanium and not PEEK. The peaks shown by Raman for Si 3 N 4 resemble closely to natural bone. Results also indicate the upregulation of osteogenic transcription factors such as RUNX2, SP7, collagen type I and osteocalcin. The authors concluded that Si 3 N 4 rapidly conducts mineralized tissue formation via extracellular matrix deposition and biomarker expression in mouse calvarial pre-osteoblast cells. Thus, this study confirms that the bioactive Si 3 N 4 could be a potential material for craniofacial and orthopaedic applications leading to rapid bone regeneration that resemble the natural bone structure.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A comparative study on silicon nitride, titanium and polyether ether ketone on mouse pre‐osteoblast cells

et al. 2021

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“…Silicon carbide has been successfully used as an antithrombogenic coating on vascular stents [ 43 ]. Additionally, recent studies have indicated that bioactive silicon nitride, an FDA approved material for spinal intervertebral arthrodesis devices, enhances osteogenic activity and promotes bone ongrowth and ingrowth [ 44 , 45 ]. More recently, bioactive amorphous silicon oxynitride and silicon oxynitrophosphide coatings have induced rapid regeneration of vascularized bone from the antioxidant activity of sustained release silicon-ions [ 42 , 46 , 47 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration

Awad

Ahuja

Fiedler

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Volumetric muscle loss injuries overwhelm the endogenous regenerative capacity of skeletal muscle, and the associated oxidative damage can delay regeneration and prolong recovery. This study aimed to investigate the effect of silicon-ions on C2C12 skeletal muscle cells under normal and excessive oxidative stress conditions to gain insights into its role on myogenesis during the early stages of muscle regeneration. In vitro studies indicated that 0.1 mM Si-ions into cell culture media significantly increased cell viability, proliferation, migration, and myotube formation compared to control. Additionally, MyoG, MyoD, Neurturin, and GABA expression were significantly increased with addition of 0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mM of Si-ion for 1 and 5 days of C2C12 myoblast differentiation. Furthermore, 0.1–2.0 mM Si-ions attenuated the toxic effects of H2O2 within 24 h resulting in increased cell viability and differentiation. Addition of 1.0 mM of Si-ions significantly aid cell recovery and protected from the toxic effect of 0.4 mM H2O2 on cell migration. These results suggest that ionic silicon may have a potential effect in unfavorable situations where reactive oxygen species is predominant affecting cell viability, proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Furthermore, this study provides a guide for designing Si-containing biomaterials with desirable Si-ion release for skeletal muscle regeneration.

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“…Therefore, to minimize complications, such as implant/plate-screw device loosening and failure, and improve healing rates, the material used for bone defect reconstruction must have innate antioxidant stimulus, as well as the ability to enhance angiogenesis. Silicon has been used in combination with nitrogen and/or oxygen for implant/ plate device composition and coating to enhance new bone formation and osseointegration (7)(8)(9) (10) .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Silicon Oxynitrophosphide Nanoscale Coating Enhances Antioxidant Marker‐Induced Angiogenesis During in vivo Cranial Bone‐Defect Healing

et al. 2021

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Critical sized bone defects are challenging to heal due to the sudden and large volume of lost bone. Fixative plates are often used to stabilize defects, yet oxidative stress and delayed angiogenesis are contributing factors to poor biocompatibility and delayed bone healing. This study tests the angiogenic and antioxidant properties of amorphous silicon oxynitrophosphide (SiONPx) nanoscale coating material on endothelial cells to regenerate vascular tissue in vitro and in bone defects. In vitro studies evaluate the effect of SiONx and two different SiONPx compositions on human endothelial cells exposed to reactive oxygen species (e.g., H2O2) that simulates oxidative stress conditions. In vivo studies using adult male Sprague Dawley rats (~450 g) were performed to compare a bare plate, SiONPx-coated implant plate, and a sham control group using a rat standard sized calvarial defect. Results from this study showed that plates coated with SiONPx significantly reduced cell death, enhanced vascular tubule formation and matrix deposition by upregulating angiogenic and antioxidant expression (e.g. VEGFA, angiopoetin-1, SOD-1, NRF-2 and Cat-1). Moreover, endothelial cell markers (CD31) demonstrate a significant tubular structure on the SiONPx coating group compared to an empty and uncoated plate group. This reveals that atomic doping of phosphate into the nanoscale coating of SiONx produced markedly elevated levels of antioxidant and angiogenic markers that enhance vascular tissue regeneration. This study demonstrates that SiONPx or SiONx nanoscale coated materials enhance antioxidant expression, angiogenic marker expression, and reduce ROS levels needed for accelerating vascular tissue regeneration. These results further suggest that SiONPx nanoscale coating could be a promising candidate for titanium plate for rapid and enhanced cranial bone defect healing.

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Silicon nitride enhances osteoprogenitor cell growth and differentiation via increased surface energy and formation of amide and nanocrystalline HA for craniofacial reconstruction

Cited by 19 publications

References 74 publications

A comparative study on silicon nitride, titanium and polyether ether ketone on mouse pre‐osteoblast cells

A comparative study on silicon nitride, titanium and polyether ether ketone on mouse pre‐osteoblast cells

Ionic Silicon Protects Oxidative Damage and Promotes Skeletal Muscle Cell Regeneration

Silicon Oxynitrophosphide Nanoscale Coating Enhances Antioxidant Marker‐Induced Angiogenesis During in vivo Cranial Bone‐Defect Healing

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