Silicon nitride coating on titanium to enable titanium-ceramic bonding

Abstract

Failures that occur in titanium-ceramic restorations are of concern to clinicians. The formation of poorly adhering oxide on titanium at dental porcelain sintering temperatures causes adherence problems between titanium and porcelain, which is the main limiting factor in the fabrication of titanium-ceramic restorations. To overcome this problem a 1-microm thick Si3N4 coating was applied to a titanium surface using a plasma-immersion implantation and deposition method. Such a coating serves as an oxygen diffusion barrier on titanium during the porcelain firings. The protective coating was characterized in the as-deposited condition and after thermal cycling. Cross sections of Ti/Si3N4-porcelain interface regions were examined by various electron microscopy methods and by energy dispersive analysis of X-rays to study the Si3N4 film's effectiveness in preventing titanium oxidation and in forming a bond with porcelain. The experiments have shown that this Si3N4 coating enables significant improvement in Ti-ceramic bonding.

Fabrication and evaluation of SixNy coatings for total joint replacements

“…Ceramic coatings on metal substrates have therefore been suggested for the bearing components of joint replacements, including coatings of titanium nitride (TiN), diamond like carbon (DLC), chromium nitride (CrN), chromium carbon nitride (CrCN) and zirconium oxide (ZrO 2 ) [15][16][17][18]. Deposition processes for silicon nitride coatings for biomedical and other applications outside human body have also been described [19][20][21][22]. These processes include chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [20], ion-assisted deposition (IAD) [23], plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MPIID) [19], physical vapour deposition (PVD) [21,22] and plasma spray coating techniques [24].…”

“…Deposition processes for silicon nitride coatings for biomedical and other applications outside human body have also been described [19][20][21][22]. These processes include chemical vapour deposition (CVD) [20], ion-assisted deposition (IAD) [23], plasma immersion ion implantation and deposition (MPIID) [19], physical vapour deposition (PVD) [21,22] and plasma spray coating techniques [24]. Each technique exhibits advantages and disadvantages, for example plasma sprayed coatings present poor adhesion to the substrate while silicon nitride films produced with CVD results in hydrogenated films [16,22].…”

Effects of coating with different ceromers on the impact strength, transverse strength and elastic modulus of polymethyl methacrylate

“…These processes include physical and chemical vapor deposition [14][15][16][17][18] , ion-assisted deposition (IAD) 19) , plasma immersion ion implantation 20,21) , laser surface alloying 22) , thermal oxidation 23) , sol-gel technique [24][25][26][27][28] , and plasma spray coating techniques 24,29,30) . Each technique presents both advantages and disadvantages 24) .…”

Bonding between titanium and dental porcelain: A systematic review

“…This has been demonstrated in studies that evaluated titanium surface alterations [23][24][25][26]29,[32][33][34][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] and also in studies that did not adopt the ISO standard methods, e.g. those of Sadeq et al [39], Oshida & Hashem [40], Wang and co-workers [41,42], Könönen & Kivilahti [43], Hanawa et al [44], Papadopoulos et al [45], and Cai et al [46]. From these studies it can be concluded that bond strength can be improved not only passively-by hindering oxide formation-but also actively, by adding to the process components that facilitate the bond between the veneering porcelain and the titanium framework.…”